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GENERAL

IRVIN N. ECALNIR
Faculty
PHYSICS 1
PHYSICS
• What are your impressions, notions about it?
• Branch of Science that deals with the study of…
• What do you think the notable contributions of
Physics to humanity?
PHYSICS
• Laws of Motion
• Light, Matter and Physical Processes
• Quantum Mechanics (towards inventions
leading to the components in a cell phone)
PHYSICS
• Physics is Fun. It is an exciting adventure in the quest to
find out patterns in nature and find means of
understanding phenomena through careful deductions
based on experimental verification.
• Physics requires discipline: Effort to Learn, Find your Time
to Study (advance readings, research, and practice…)
• Physics is LIFE.
Lesson 1: Physical
Quantities
• PHYSICS is an Experimental Science.
• PHYSICISTS perform experiments to test
hypotheses.
• CONCLUSIONS in experiment are derived from
measurements.
MEASUREMENTS
• Physicists use NUMBERS to describe
measurements.
• This numbers is called PHYSICAL QUANTITY.
•Since 1960 the system of units used by
scientists and engineers is the “metric
system”, which is officially known as the
“International System” or SI units
(abbreviation for its French term, Système
International).
To make sure that scientists from different
parts of the world understand the same
thing when referring to a measurement,
standards have been defined for
measurements of length, time, and mass.
LENGTH
Length | 1 m is defined as the distance
travelled by light in a vacuum in
1/299,792,458 second. Based on the
definition that the speed of light is exactly
299,792,458 m/s. (3 x 108 m/s)
TIME
Time | 1 second is defined as
9,192,631,770 cycles of the microwave
radiation due to the transition between
the two lowest energy states of the
Cesium atom. This is measured from an
atomic clock using this transition.
MASS
Mass | 1 kg is defined to be the mass of a
cylinder of platinum-iridium alloy at the
International Bureau of Weights and
Measures (Sèvres,France).
CONVERSION OF
UNITS
1 INCH = 2.54 cm
1 lb = 4.448221615260 newtons
• The second is exactly the same in both the British and the SI
system of units.
• How many inches are there in 3 m?
• How much time would it take for light to travel 10,000 ft?
• How many inches would light travel in 10 fs? (Refer to Table 1 for
the unit prefix related to factors of 10).
• How many newtons of force do you need to lift a 34-lb bag?
(Intuitively, just assume that you need exactly the same amount
of force as the weight of the bag).
ROUNDING OFF
NUMBERS
RULES OF ROUNDING OFF

•KNOW which last digit to keep


•This last digit remains the same if the
next digit is less than 5.
•Increase this last digit if the next digit
is 5 or more.
ROUNDING OFF
•In nuclear physics, atomic nuclei with
a magic number of protons or
neutrons are very stable. The seven
most widely recognized magic
numbers as of 2007 are 2, 8, 20, 28,
50, 82, and 126 – round the magic
numbers to the nearest 10.
ROUNDING OFF

•2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126 – round


the magic numbers to the nearest
10.
EXERCISE: ROUND OFF TO THE
NEAREST 10
•314234
•343
•5567
•245
•7891
EXERCISE: ROUND OFF TO THE
NEAREST TENTHS

•3.1416
•745.1324
•8.345
•67.47
QUIZ 1/2

•Conversion of units:
•A snail moves 1.0 cm every 20
seconds. What is this in inches per
second?
A snail moves 1.0 cm every 20 seconds.
What is this in inches per second?
SIGNIFICANT
FIGURES &
SCIENTIFIC
NOTATION
SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
•*The number of significant figures
refers to all digits to the left of the
decimal point (except zeroes after
the last non-zero digit) and all digits
to the right of the decimal point
(including all zeroes).
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
• *Scientific notation is also called the “powers-
of-ten notation”. This allows one to write only
the significant figures multiplied to 10 with the
appropriate power. As a shorthand notation, we
therefore use only one digit before the decimal
point with the rest of the significant figures
written after the decimal point.
EXERCISE
•How many significant figures do the
following numbers have?
• 1.2343x1010
• 035
• 23.004
• 23.000
• 2.3x104
EXERCISE
• Perform the following conversions using the correct
number of significant figures in scientific notation:
1. A jeepney tried to overtake a car. The jeepney moves
at 40 km/hour: convert this to the British system (feet
per second)?
2. It takes about 8.0 minutes for light to travel from the
sun to the earth. How far is the sun from the earth (in
meters, in feet)?
3. Let learners perform the calculations in groups (two
to four people per group).
THAT’S ALL FOR
TODAY!
THANK YOU!

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