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Chapter 2
• People are not considered civilized unless they know
wrinting Modrn histroriens of ancient india
No religion followed • Knolege of fir ,arrow head ,projectiles • Mehargarh more advanced pple
motion (Baluchistan)onLY site of neo
Ex- Narmada valley
• Sites-raj ,central e india,south Krishna • Initial stage didnoty use pottery
Chalocolithic farming culture
,Refined and polished tool used (stone
• Rural selter • Adamgarh (mp)bagar(raj)-earlist axe)
evidence of domestication 5000bc
• End of neo –use of metal • There are 3 neo dsites
• Plant cult(7000-6000bc)despite I sabhar
• First metal copper, settlement se lake (raj) • n-w-rect eith curved cutting
raj,mp mh,s&e india
• Paved way for rise of Neolithic culture • n-e-polisded stone red butt ,shouldered
• Malwa ware –richest among hoes)
chalocolithic econo • Mural paintings (Bhimbetka Lakhudiyar)
• southeren-based on type of axes use
• Most extensive excavaton –mh(w( • Use of natural colors (belon and oval slides and pointed butt
narmada-polo -neo
• Jorwe culture-left bank of • KASHMIR-DWELLING PIT CARRMIC
paravora river (ahnadanagar) • Men trees bird animals etc RONGR, VARITt of stonre &hoe tool
abences of microliths
• jorwe=malwa+soutjjj neolthic • Scence of hunting ,riding, dancing etc
cultue • Burzahom
• Inialy lager and greater painting later got
• Jorwe clutre-Moharoshtra area more refined • Pple lived in lake side pit
(except vidarbha &Kankan coastal
• No religion as such but dead bodies buried • Settlment possible bez area joing 4 river
regions)
propely eg-narmada valley ganga sones gandak ghaggra
• Daimabad &inamgoan-urban
• Gray potery –burzohom,burz –dog
_a;lmost )
buried along master
• Stone blade industriesnera hills
• bone implemented –chirond
• Ahar&Gilund –raj,ahar practiced
• 2nd phase neo pple live in south of
smelthing ,metallurgy
godawari, 3rd hill assam
• Balck red pottery,practiced
• Also near garo hill ,up
agriculture,hourse was not there
• Calcolithic phase-jhum
cultivation
Theories of origin
Harappan civilization
• Theory of foreign origin (Mesopotamian/summerion)
• Also called induas vally civilization
• But not like that (differences in uraban structure seal .script)
• But civilization has extended for all in
all direction • THEORY OF ARYAN ORIGION –LIVED IN VILLAGES
• Sutkongendor west • Theory of indigenous and gradual origin
• Doimabad souyh • Gradual tarsfomation since -3500bc
• Alamgirpur east
• Initial communitices of mehargarh etc moved near fertile land
• Manda (jammu) land of indus
• Mohanjodaro (great bath) • Calcolithic phase helped in unbernaiation
• Harappa
Political life
• Chonhudaro
•
Might be governed by some centralized authority
Lothal
• Kalibangan Reason
Features of civilaization Proper town planning blide and right angle road
Wells and proper drainage system
• Indigenous ,urban.presence of urban Standerd and measure used everywhere
instituteions like modern time (citadel found)
• Literature (script) 2. secondary activites
Science
Tec for bronze ,standared measasure,colours for
painting
CHACOLLITHIC AND MEGALITHIC Megalithic period
AGE
• Emerged in peninsular india
CHACOLLITHIC preiod
• Evidence of grave covered
Copper +stone,Formed 280-
700bc,Various culture existed with big stone boulders
depending upon charactristics • Iron implements found
and area,Ahar culture (river • Roman coins and pottery
banas)Udaipur,Malwa indicates indo-roman trade
culture(kalisindh vally)-darlpur • Ex-Brahmagiri
murena ,maski(Karnataka)
Jorwe culture