•MISCOMMUNICATION

NATURE OF COMMUNICATION
•COMMUNICATION IS A PROCESS
•COMMUNICATION OCCURS BETWEEN TWO OR MORE PEOPLE
•COMMUNICATION CAN BE EXPRESSED THROUGH WORDS,
ACTIONS OR BOTH AT THE SAME TIME
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

1. SPEAKER 4.CHANNEL 7. FEEDBACK

2.MESSAGE 5.DECODING 8.CONTEXT
3.ENCODING 6.RECEIVER 9.BARRIER
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
1. SPEAKER –IDEA
2. ENCODES – WORDS OR ACTIONS
3. TRANSMITS
4. RECEIVER
5. DECODES – CONTEXT
6. FEEDBACK
THINK ABOUT IT

“COMMUNICATION IS VITAL TO OUR DAILY

LIVES.”
ELABORATE

"TO EFFECTIVELY COMMUNICATE, WE MUST REALIZE THAT WE

ARE ALL DIFFERENT IN THE WAY WE PERCEIVE THE WORLD
AND USE THIS UNDERSTANDING AS A GUIDE TO OUR
COMMUNICATION WITH OTHERS." - ANTHONY ROBBINS
COMMUNICATION MODELS

IT DESCRIBES WHAT IS NECESSARY FOR AN ACT OF COMMUNICATION TO

TAKE PLACE.
A MODEL REPRESENTS THE MAJOR FEATURES AND ELIMINATES THE
UNNECESSARY DETAILS OF COMMUNICATION.
FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION MODELS
TO CLARIFY THE SCOPE OF HUMAN INTERACTION SHOWING IT TO BE A CIRCULAR,
COMPLEX, CONTINUOUS DYNAMIC, OR A CODING PROCESS.
TO POINT OUT WHERE TO BOOK AND UNDER WHAT CONDITIONS TO ANALYZE DIFFERENT
RESPONSES.
TO SHOW THE VARIABLES IN HUMAN COMMUNICATION.
USED AS A FRAME WORK IN RESEARCHES.
SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL
• CLAUDE SHANNON AND WARREN WEAVER WERE ENGINEERS WORKING FOR BELL
TELEPHONE LABS IN THE UNITED STATES.
• THEIR GOAL WAS TO ENSURE THE MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY OF TELEPHONE CABLES AND
RADIO WAVES.
• THEY DEVELOPED A MODEL OF COMMUNICATION WHICH WAS INTENDED TO ASSIST IN
DEVELOPING A MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF COMMUNICATION.
• AN INFORMATION SOURCE, WHICH PRODUCES A
MESSAGE.
• A TRANSMITTER, WHICH ENCODES THE MESSAGE
INTO SIGNALS
• A CHANNEL, TO WHICH SIGNALS ARE ADAPTED
FOR TRANSMISSION
• A RECEIVER, WHICH 'DECODES' (RECONSTRUCTS)
THE MESSAGE FROM THE SIGNAL.
• A DESTINATION, WHERE THE MESSAGE ARRIVES.
ADVANTAGES

1.SIMPLICITY
2.GENERALITY
3.QUANTIFIABILITY
 CRITICISM OF SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL
OF COMMUNICATION :
1. ONE OF THE SIMPLEST MODEL AND ITS GENERAL APPLIED IN VARIOUS
COMMUNICATION THEORIES
2. THE MODEL WHICH ATTRACTS BOTH ACADEMICS OF HUMAN
COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION THEORIST TO LEADS THEIR FURTHER
RESEARCH IN COMMUNICATION

HTTPS://WWW.COMMUNICATIONTHEORY.ORG/SHANNON-AND-WEAVER-MODEL-OF-COMMUNICATION/
 CRITICISM OF SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL
OF COMMUNICATION :
3. IT’S MORE EFFECTIVE IN PERSON-TO-PERSON COMMUNICATION THAN GROUP
OR MASS AUDIENCE
4. THE MODEL BASED ON “SENDER AND RECEIVER”. HERE SENDER PLAYS THE
PRIMARY ROLE AND RECEIVER PLAYS THE SECONDARY ROLE (RECEIVE THE
INFORMATION OR PASSIVE)

HTTPS://WWW.COMMUNICATIONTHEORY.ORG/SHANNON-AND-WEAVER-MODEL-OF-COMMUNICATION/
 CRITICISM OF SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL
OF COMMUNICATION :
5. COMMUNICATION IS NOT A ONE WAY PROCESS. IF IT’S BEHAVED LIKE THAT, IT WILL
LOSE ITS STRENGTH. FOR EXAMPLE: AUDIENCE OR RECEIVER WHO LISTENING A RADIO,
READING THE BOOKS OR WATCHING TELEVISION IS A ONE WAY COMMUNICATION
BECAUSE ABSENCE OF FEEDBACK
6. UNDERSTANDING NOISE WILL HELPS TO SOLVE THE VARIOUS PROBLEMS IN
COMMUNICATION

HTTPS://WWW.COMMUNICATIONTHEORY.ORG/SHANNON-AND-WEAVER-MODEL-OF-COMMUNICATION/
TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
•EVEN MORE REALISTIC VIEW OF THE COMMUNICATIVE
PROCESS; A SPONTANEOUS, RAPID FLOW OF IDEAS
•THE EXCHANGE OF MESSAGES BETWEEN SENDER AND
RECEIVER WHERE EACH TAKE TURNS TO SEND OR RECEIVE
MESSAGES.
• THE TRANSACTIONAL MODEL IS THE MOST GENERAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION.
EVERYDAY TALK AND INTERACTIONS ARE ALSO A FORM OF TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
COMMUNICATION. IT IS MORE EFFICIENT FOR COMMUNICATORS WITH SIMILAR
ENVIRONMENT AND INDIVIDUAL ASPECTS. FOR INSTANCE, COMMUNICATION BETWEEN
PEOPLE WHO KNOW EACH OTHER IS MORE EFFICIENT AS THEY SHARE SAME SOCIAL
SYSTEM.
• IN TRANSACTIONAL MODEL, EFFICIENCY AND RELIABILITY OF COMMUNICATED MESSAGE
ALSO DEPENDS ON THE MEDIUM USED. FOR EXAMPLE, THE SAME MESSAGE MIGHT NOT BE
PERCEIVED BY A PERSON THE SAME WAY WHEN IT IS SEND THROUGH A PHONE AND
WHEN IT IS PROVIDED FACE TO FACE. IT IS BECAUSE OF POSSIBLE LOSS OF MESSAGE ON A
PHONE CALL OR ABSENCE OF GESTURES.
HTTPS://WWW.BUSINESSTOPIA.NET/COMMUNICATION/TRANSACTIONAL-MODEL-COMMUNICATION
CRITICISMS OF TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
• WITHOUT VERBAL RESPONSE, THE SENDER CAN NOT BE SURE THAT THE RECEIVER GOT
THE MESSAGE AS INTENDED. FEEDBACK IS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT IN THE
COMMUNICATION PROCESS, ESPECIALLY IN INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION AS IT
GIVES A SPACE TO CLARIFY MISUNDERSTANDINGS.
• THE TRANSACTIONAL MODEL GIVES THE OPPORTUNITY FOR A LOT OF NOISE BECAUSE
THE COMMUNICATION IS SIMULTANEOUS. FOR EXAMPLE, WHEN MANY PEOPLE ARE
TALKING AT THE SAME TIME IN A MEETING, THE OBJECTIVE OF THE MEETING WILL NOT BE
FULFILLED.

HTTPS://WWW.BUSINESSTOPIA.NET/COMMUNICATION/TRANSACTIONAL-MODEL-COMMUNICATION