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Lecture 9
Capacitance
Now let us consider two conductors
embedded in a homogenous dielectric.
Conductor M2 carries a total positive
charge Q, and M1 carries an equal
negative charge –Q.
No other charges present the total
charge of the system is zero.
Capacitance
The electric flux is directed from M2
to M1, thus M2 is at the more positive
potential.
Works must be done to carry a
positive charge from M1 to M2.
Let us assign V0 as the potential
difference between M2 and M1.
We may now define the capacitance
of this two-conductor system as the
ratio of the magnitude of the total
charge on either conductor to the
magnitude of the potential difference
between the conductors.
C
S
E dS
Q
C E dL
V0
Capacitance
The capacitance is independent of the potential
and total charge for their ratio is constant. C
S
E dS
If the charge density is increased by a factor, E dL
Gauss's law indicates that the electric flux
density or electric field intensity also increases
by the same factor, as does the potential
difference.
Capacitance
We will now apply the definition of capacitance to a simple two-
conductor system, where the conductors are identical, infinite
parallel planes, and separated a distance d to each other.
S
E az
D S a z
Capacitance
The potential difference between lower and upper planes is:
0 S S
E dL
lower
V0 dz d
upper d
The total charge for an area S of either plane, both with linear
dimensions much greater than their separation d, is:
Q S S
The capacitance of a portion of the infinite-plane arrangement,
far from the edges, is:
Q S
C
V0 d
Capacitance
Example
Calculate the capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor having a
mica dielectric, εr = 6, a plate area of 10 in2, and a separation
of 0.01 in.
S 10 in 2 S
C
10 in 2 (2.54 102 m in)2 d
6.452 103 m2 (6)(8.854 1012 )(6.452 103 )
2.54 104
d 0.01 in
1.349 nF
0.01in (2.54 102 m in)
2.54 104 m
Capacitance
The total energy stored in the capacitor is:
WE 12 E 2 dv
vol
S
2
2 dv
1 S
C
vol
d
1 S d S
2
S
2 dzdS V0 d
0 0
2
Q
12 S Sd C
2 V0
1 S S
2 d 2
d 2
2
Q
WE 12 CV02 12 QV0 12
C
Q
(r r1 )
4 0 r 2
President University Erwin Sitompul EEM 9/10
Chapter 6 Dielectrics and Capacitance
Q 1 1 1 1
4 1 a r1 0 r1
Therefore,
4
C
1 1 1 1
1 a r1 0 r1
Q 1S1 2 S 2
C C1 C2
V0 d
• Schematics of a
transmission line
President University Erwin Sitompul EEM 9/14
Chapter 6 Dielectrics and Capacitance
so that
( x a) 2 y 2
K1
( x a) 2 y 2
President University Erwin Sitompul EEM 9/17
Chapter 6 Dielectrics and Capacitance
K1 1 K 1
1
The last equation shows that the
V = V1 equipotential surface is
independent of z and intersects
the xy plane in a circle of radius b,
2a K1
b
K1 1
The center of the circle is x = h, y = 0, where:
K1 1
ha
K1 1
President University Erwin Sitompul EEM 9/18
Chapter 6 Dielectrics and Capacitance
Therefore,
4V0 2V0
L
ln K1 ln K1
President University Erwin Sitompul EEM 9/19
Chapter 6 Dielectrics and Capacitance
2 L 2 L
C
1
ln h h2 b2 b cosh ( h b)
• Prove the equity by solving
quadratic equation in eα,
where cosh(α)=h/b.
• cosh(α) = (eα+e–α )/2
K1 e 4V1 L
4 8.8541012 50 3.46109
e
5
2a K1 2 12 5
b 13.42 m
K1 1 5 1
K1 1 5 1
ha 12 18 m
K1 1 5 1
2( x a)a x 2 ya y 2( x a)a x 2 ya y
D E = L
2 ( x a ) 2
y 2
( x a ) 2
y 2
L hb a h b a
S ,max Dx , x h b , y 0 =
(h b a ) 2 (h b a ) 2
2
3.46 109 13 5 12 13 5 12
S ,max
(13 5 12)2 (13 5 12) 2 0.165 nC m 2
2
2
- +
- +
- +
- - + +
- +
- +
- +
S ,min Dx , x h b, y 0
S ,max Dx , x h b , y 0
ln h h2 b2 b
ln h h b ln 2h b
2 L (b h)
C
ln(2h b)
Homework 8
D6.4.
D6.5.
D6.6.