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Lecture No 5

Elsadig Agabna Elhadi


Ahmed’s Saturdays

• Saturday is a busy day for Ahmed. He gets up


early. Then he works from 6:00 a.m. to 2:00
p.m. After work, he goes home. He plays with
his little boy in the afternoon. He helps his
wife. They do chores. Sometimes they go
shopping or run errands. They usually have
dinner at home. In the evening, Karl puts his
son to bed. Then he finally has free time. He
and his wife often watch a movie.
Answers these questions
• 3. What word means “small jobs at home”?
____________________
• 4. What word means “short trips for shopping or other
business”?
• 5. Write the simple present verbs that the writer uses.
• a. They_____________ chores.
• b. Sometimes they_____________ shopping or
• _____________ errands.
• c. They usually_____________ dinner at home.
• d. In the evening, Karl_____________ his son to bed.
• e. Then he finally_____________ free time.
Manal’s Favourite Day

• Saturday is Manal favourite day. She always


sleeps late in the morning. She sometimes gets
up at noon. Then she usually meets her friends
in the dining hall. In the afternoon, they spend
time outside or go shopping. It depends on the
weather. On Saturday evenings, she likes to
dress up and go out. She and her friends often
go to the movies or to a party. Manal loves
Saturdays.
• 3. Talk about what you think this sentence means
in the paragraph: It depends on the weather.
• 4. What two-word phrase means “put on nice
clothes”?
• Write the adverbs of frequency that the writer
uses.
• a. She ----------------------sleeps late in the morning.
• b.She--------------------- gets up at noon.
• c. Then she ----- meets her friends in the dining
hall.
• d. She and her friends ---------------go to the movies
or to a party.
chronological order
• It is a way of organized information. It means
writing about events in the order in which
they happen. Start with the first or earliest
event, and then tell what happens after that.
• Time-order words : First, Next, Then After
that, Later, Finally,
• These words go at the beginning of sentences.
A comma follows each one except Then.
Underline the six time-order words in
this paragraph.
• Ahmed and Sara have a daily routine at their
bookstore. They always get to the store at 8:30 a
.m . First. Ahmed unlocks the door and turns on
the lights. Next, he turns on the coffeemaker, and
Sara starts up the computer. Then they put new
books on the shelves and in the store window.
After that, they open for business. Ahmed begins
working with customers in the store, and Sara
works on the computer. Later, they change places.
They clean the store together at the end of the
day. Finally, they close up and go home.
After Finally First Later Next Then

• Sunday is a relaxing day for George. He gets up at


9:30 or 10:00 in
• the morning. (1) First he takes a shower.
(2)________ , he has breakfast. (3)________ he
reads the newspaper. (4)_________ that,he
washes his car. In the afternoon, he watches his
favorite TV show, Sports World. (5)________ , he
orders pizza for supper. In the evening, he calls
his mother and his brothers. (6)________ , he
gets into bed and reads.
Simple Sentence Patterns I
• English language has many kind of sentence structure
• 1- simple sentences. A simple sentence has one subject-verb
combination. :
• 1 subject + 1 verb I like dogs
• 1 subject + 1 verb Dogs are nice animal .
• 2 subjects + 1 verb Mona and Ahmed like dogs.
• 2 subjects + 1 verb Dogs and cats are pet animals.
• The two subjects go wit the same verb, so there is one subject-verb
combination.
• Use (Someone) and I as a subject. Do not use Me and (someone) as
a subject.
• Selma and I go to Cairo.
• NOT: Me and Selma play tennis.
Underline the verbs and write V above them.
Circle the subjects and write S above them.
• 1 .(Red and blue)are my favourite colours.
• 2. The sky and the ocean are blue.
• 3. The colour blue seems peaceful.
• 4. Both men and women usually like blue.
• 5. Red is a strong and exciting colour.
• 6. In China, red means “happiness.”
• 7. Red and blue are two of the primary colours.
• 8. The other primary colour is yellow.
• 9. The secondary colours are orange, green, and purple.
• 10. Rainbows have all the primary and secondary colors.
The Meanings o f Adverbs of
Frequency
Position o f Adverbs o f Frequency in
Affirmative Statements
• 1. In most affirmative statements: Put the adverb after the subject
and before the verb.
• I always go to school by bus
• Randa never eats Moleyata
• 2 In statements with be’ Put the adverb after be.
• She is often late
• We are usually spent summer in Spain
• Sometimes come at the beginning or at the end of an affirmative
• statement.
• Sometimes we sleep late
• We sometimes sleep late
• We sleep late sometimes.
Add the adverb of frequency in parentheses
to the affirmative statement.
• 1. (often) Schools^close on holidays.
• 2. (never) Some people celebrate the new year on January 1.
• 3. (usually) Mother’s Day is a popular holiday.
• 4. (always) The dates of some holidays change, depending
on the moon.
• 5. (usually) People think of Valentine’s Day as a day for
people in love.
• 6. (always) Valentine's Day is on February 14.
• 7. (often) Workers have a holiday in their honour.
• 8. (never) Some women work on International Women’s Day.
Rewrite each statement three times. Add
sometimes in the three different positions.
• 1. My family has a special holiday meal.
• 2. Stores are closed on holidays.
Position of Adverbs o f Frequency in
Negative Statements
• always, usually, and often come after not.
• He does not always go to cinema
• They are not usually sad
• 2. sometimes at the beginning of the
statement.
• Sometimes he does not like to be ignored
• 3. Do not use not with never
Rewrite each negative statement. Add the adverb in
parentheses. Remember:.
• Example: I am not at home on New Year’s Eve. (never)
• I am never at home on New Year's Eve.
• 1. People in different countries do not have the same holidays, (always)
• 2. Halloween is not an important holiday outside the United States,
(usually)
• 3. Father’s Day is not on a weekday in the United States, (never)
• 4. Some businesses do not close on holidays, (never)
• 5. For example, airports do not close on holidays, (often)
• 6. People do not celebrate every holiday in the same way. (usually)
• 7. In some countries, birthdays are not special days, (usually)
• 8 .1 do not forget my birthday, (never)
Common verbs
• Have , make , do and get (people often use them)
• Have : have (a family member), have money have
fun, have a party, have a baby, have breakfast and
have time
• do homework, do the dishes, do laundry, do chores
• make coffee, make a sandwich, make dinner make
a phone call make a mistake, make an appointment
• get sick, get hungry, get tired, get married get
(something) at the store get to (a place)
Using Prepositions to Show Time
• Prepositions are usually small words, such as in,
at, by, and with. A preposition and a noun form a
prepositional phrase. Prepositional phrases have
many uses. For example, they can be time
expressions. Time expressions tell when
something happens.
• A time expression can go at the beginning or at
the end of a sentence. Put a comma after a time
expression at the beginning of a sentence.
Rules
• 1. Use on + a day or days.
• Do we have class on Friday?
• They see each other on weekends.
• 2. Use in + a part of the day. Exception: Use at + night.
• Call me in the morning.
• He gets home late at night.
• 3. Use at + a time.
• He starts work at 8:30 a .m .
• Lunch is at noon.
• 4. Use from + a starting point + to + the end point.
• From 7:00 to 10:00 p.m., he studies.
• The course runs from January to May.
• Complete the sentences. Use in, on, at, from, or to to show
time.
• 1. Do you dream_______ night?
• 2. The movie runs_______ 7:00 p.m . ________ 8:50 p.m .
• 3. We have class_______Tuesdays and Thursdays.
• 4. What do you d o _______the evening?
• 5. The train leaves_______4:35 p.m .
• 6 .1 usually have a snack_____the afternoon.
• 7. The office is open only_______weekdays.
• 8. The school year goes_______ September________June.
• A title is the name of a book, a song, a story,
Paper or a movie. Titles are not usually
sentences. They are usually just a few words.
A title can be one word, such as Titanic or
Desertification
Title in Scientific paper
• Tip 1: Keep it simple, brief and attractive.
• The function of a title is to provide a precise summary
of the paper’s content. So keep the title brief and clear
and too general or specific. Use active verbs instead of
complex noun-based phrases, and avoid unnecessary
details. Moreover, a good title for a research paper is
typically around 10 to 12 words long.
• The title is not a sentence and hence the verb is often
unnecessary. Although, like sentence it start with
capital letter , but it is not ended with period.
Who should be author
• Authorship credit should be based only on (1) substantial
contributions to conception and design, or acquisition of
data, or analysis and interpretation of data;
• (2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important
intellectual content;
• and (3) final approval of the version to be published.
• Conditions 1, 2, and 3 must all be met.
• Acquisition of funding, the collection of data, or general
supervision of the research group, by themselves, do not
justify authorship.
Authors orders
• The order of the names in the list of authors
sometimes creates problems. The first author is a
person whose contribution to the experiments has
been most crucial. The case that two authors have
had identical contribution can be shown: Author
A* and author B* in which * refers to footnote
“*equal contribution.”
• The last author usually is the leader of the
research group proving that he/she has essentially
contributed to the experiments or preparation of
the manuscript.
Habits of mind
• You have four area of your life
• The academic arena, that is, school.
• The professional arena, your career, your job.
• The civic arena. Civic means getting involved with your
community,
• and the personal arena of life, which usually has to do
with yourself, your friends, and your family.
• Habits of mind refers to ways of approaching learning
that are both intellectual and practical and that will
support students’ success in a variety of fields and
disciplines
Curiosity
• The desire to know more about the world
• When all of us are kids , we were very curious creatures.
• And we would ask our caregivers endless questions.
• Why? Why does this happen? Who does this? What is that?
• And we learned a lot as a result of our enormous curiosity.
• Unfortunately, when some people get a little older,
• by the time they get to college courses, they sometimes
have lost that curiosity,
• Be curious about everything in the world.
Openness
• The willingness to consider new ways of
being and thinking in the world.
• Openness means being open to new ideas,
being open to people and their ideas.
• Listen to others even if you don’t agree with
them.
• Accept new ideas and don’t keep your
knowledge to what you are already know
Engagement
• a sense of investment and
involvement in learning.
• It is holds true for other arenas of life.
• To be successful in your job, you need to be
engaged.
• To be successful in the civic arena of life, you
need to be engaged.
• And you need to be engaged with the people
in your personal life, as well.
Creativity –
• The ability to use novel approaches for
generating, investigating, and
representing ideas.
• A new way of solving an old problem.
• Now, I've never tried this way before, but you
know what? If some one suggest it be open try
it, think of new ways of solving old problems.
Persistence
• The ability to sustain interest in
and attention to short and long-term
projects.
• Persistence is related to engagement and
means sticking with something.
Responsibility
• The ability to take ownership of one’s
actions and understand the consequences of those
actions for oneself and others
• Responsibility in any arena of life is crucial.
• It means if you are successful at something, don't be afraid
about taking credit for it, but if you mess up, if you are
unsuccessful, take responsibility for that, too.
• Acknowledge when you've done something that you're not
proud of,
• acknowledge when you've done something that's not as
good as you want it to be.
• Acknowledge that you could do better next time, and then
follow through and be better next time.
Flexibility –
• The ability to adapt to situations,
expectations, or demands.
• It is , relates to openness and creativity.
• Flexibility means if you've always tried to do
something the same way, but you're finding
that maybe it's not as effective as you thought
it should be.
• , try a new way of doing it. Ask other people
how to do it And then give it a try.
Metacognition
• theability to reflect on one’s own
thinking as well as on the
individual and cultural processes used to
structure knowledge.

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