Tool Hydraulics II

Module PKR 06
June 2001

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 Module Outlines
 Forces Acting on Tools Review
 Slack-off Weight on Tools
 Positrieve J Packer Hydraulics
– Positrieve packer review
– Effect of hydraulic pressure acting on tools
– Calculations/ Tables
 Hurricane packer hydraulics
– Comparison of hydraulic pressure on tools with positrieve type “J”
 Cement retainers/ Bridge Plugs
– Tool Review
– Effect of Hydraulic pressure on tools
– Calculations/ Tables
2
 Forces acting on a Tool - REVIEW
 Work String Weight on Tool
– Buoyancy
– Buckling / Drag Forces
 Hydraulic Forces due to change in Annulus Pressure ( above
the Tool )
 Hydraulic Forces due to change in Tubing Pressure ( below the
Tool )
– Applied Pressure or injection Pressure
– Change in Bottom Hole Pressure
 Forces due to change in Temperature
 Forces due to Ballooning / Reverse-Ballooning
3

 Piston Effect
 Work-string weight on tool
Ideal conditions :

 Perfectly vertical well

 No dog-leg
 Rigid string
 Slack-off weight on tool is
Weight in Air - Buoyancy - Hook Load

WE ALMOST NEVER FIND ALL THESE CONDITIONS

TOGETHER IN THE FIELD

4
 Slack-off weight on tool (cont)
Actual condition :

 Well is not perfectly vertical/ straight

 Flexible string
– String under compression will buckle / will form helix
– Wall contact force increases
– At certain drag, string will lock-up
– Charts to predict the actual slack-off weight that reach
tool
 Computerized program required to predict slack-off
weight on tool in highly deviated hole
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Positrieve Type “J”
Packer Review
1- Packer Unset
By-pass open

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Positrieve Type “J”

Packer Review
2- Packer Set
By-pass Closed

8
Positrieve Type “J”

Packer Review
3- Packer Set
By-pass Closed
Tubing pressure
higher than Annulus
pressure

9
Positrieve Type “J”

Packer Review
4- Packer Set
By-pass Closed
Annulus pressure
higher than Tubing
pressure

10
 Positrieve Hydraulic Areas
Hydril/ Pipe ram
A1 : Workstring ID
A1 A2 : Mandrel OD
A3
Work-String
A3 : Workstring OD
A4 : Upper slip bowl
A2
OD
A5 A4
Upper slips A5 : Upper Slip Bowl ID

A7 A6 A6 : Free Piston OD
A8 A7 : Free Piston ID
A10 A9
A8 : By-pass OD
Lower slips
A9 : By-pass seal OD
11 A10 : By-pass seal ID
 By-Pass Hydraulic Areas

By-pass OPEN

12
 By-Pass Hydraulic Areas

By-pass CLOSED

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 By-Pass Hydraulic Areas
 A8 = Cross Section
Area related to By- A8
Pass OD

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 By-Pass Hydraulic Areas
 A8 = Cross Section
Area related to By- A8
Pass OD

 A9 = Cross Section
Area related to By-
Pass Seal OD
A9

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 By-Pass Hydraulic Areas
 A8 = Cross Section Area
related to By-Pass OD A8

 A9 = Cross Section Area

related to By-Pass Seal
OD

A9

 A10 = Cross Section

Area related to By-Pass A10
Seal ID
16
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 Positrieve Calculations
 Positrieve Areas Type “J” only.

Packer Size Type A2 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10

4.5 - 5 J 3.76 8.95 4.89 8.95 5.58 4.67
5 1/2 - 6 J 4.32 11.80 5.93 11.80 7.04 5.93
6 5/8 - 7 5/8 J 6.35 16.41 8.93 16.41 10.25 8.58
8 5/8 - 9 5/8 J 10.30 25.98 14.16 25.98 15.63 13.51
10 3/4 - 13 3/8 J 11.02 33.18 15.00 33.18 18.96 16.53

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 Positrieve Calculation Example 1
PRESSURE TEST
Fluid in the well is 14.5 ppg
4 1/2” DP
20 #/ft
 CALCULATE :

Packer @
10750 ft
1) Initial Hook-Load after
setting down 30,000 lbs
10800 ft on packer
top liner

11300 ft
2) Force on the Tool (By-
10.3/4 Shoe pass) while testing liner
lap to 4500 psi
13500 ft 7” Shoe 3) Hook-load during the test
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 Example 1 Solution
 Initial Hook-load
– Tubing weight in air = 10750 x 20 = 215,000 #
– Buoyancy factor in 14.5 PPG mud = 0.7784.
– Buoyant weight = 0.7784 x 215,000 # = 167,356 #
– Initial Hook-load = 167,356 - 30,000 = 137,356 #

 Force Acting On the Tool (By-pass), due to change of pressure in the tubing :
– Tubing BHP > Ann. BHP
– A1 = 3.1416/4 (3.64)2 = 10.406 in2
– From Table : A2 - A1 = 11.02 - 10.406 = 0.614 in2
A8 - A10 = 33.18 - 16.53 = 16.65 in2
 Force up (A2 - A1) = 0.614 in2 x 4500 psi = 2,763 #
 Force down (A8 - A10) = 16.65 in2 x 4500 = 74,925 #
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 Example 1 solution cont.
 Forces Acting on tool (Continued)

– Forces acting on the inside area of the tubing

 Force up on A1 = 10.406 in2 x 4500 psi = 46,827 #

– Forces acting on the tool (By-pass)

= 74,925 # - 2,763 # - 46,827 # = 25,335 lbs

 New Hook-load during the test :

= 137,356 + 25,335 = 162,691 lbs

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 Positrieve Calculation Example 2
PRESSURE TEST
Fluid in the well is 10.75 ppg
5” DP
19.5 #/ft  CALCULATE :

1. Available set down weight

2. Initial Hook-load after setting
down 20,000 lbs on packer
Packer @ 3. Force on the Tool (By-pass)
5,950 ft while testing the annulus to
4,000 psi
4. Suggest set down weight on
9.5/8 Shoe @ tool, what is the new Hook-
6,000 ft load during the test, with that
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set down weight ?
 Example 2 Solution
 Available set down weight :
– Tubing weight in air = 5950 x 19.5 = 116,025 #
– Buoyancy factor in 10.75 PPG mud = 0.83575
– Available set down weight = 0.83575 x 116,025 # =
96,968#
 Initial Hook-load = 96,968 - 20,000 = 76,968 #

 Force Acting On the Tool (By-pass), due to change of

pressure in the annulus :
– Tubing BHP < Ann. BHP
– A3 = 3.1416/4 (5)2 = 19.635 in2
– From Table : A3 - A2 = 19.635 - 10.30 = 9.335 in2
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A8 - A9 = 25.98 - 15.63 = 10.35 in2
A6 - A7 = 25.98 - 14.16 = 11.82 in2
 Example 2 solution cont.
 Forces Acting on tool (Continued)
 Forces on A3 - A2 = 9.335 x 4,000 = 37,340 #
 Forces on A8-A19 = 10.35 x 4,000 = 41,400 #
 Forces on A6 - A7 = 11.82 x 4,000 = 47,280 #
– Forces acting on the tool (By-pass)
= 47,280 - 37,340 - 41,400 = - 31,460# (negative = upwards)
– As the force is greater than set down weight the By-pass will be
opened.
– To keep the by-pass closed the slack-off weight should be
increased from the initial 20,000 # , at least enough weight to
overcome the up force of 31,460 #. Say 50,000 # set down
weight.

24 To have 50,000 # set down weight, hook-load should be 96,968 -
50,000 # = 46,968 #
 Positrieve Calculation Example 3
INFLOW TEST
Circulate Diesel down the DP to
3 1/2” DP reduce Hydrostatic Pressure and
15.5 #/ft underbalance the well 1,000 psi
below BHP to check 5” Liner lap
integrity.
Paker @
12,500 ft Packer set with 15,000 lbs
BHP 6,000 psi
@ 13,000 ft 12,550 ft
top liner CALCULATE :
13,000 ft
7” Shoe 1) Hook Load after displacement is
completed and Packer is set;
10.5 ppg 2) Force acting on the Tool (By-
Mud
pass) after pressure is bled off .
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 Example 3 Solution
 Initial Hook-load
– Tubing Weight in air = 12,500 ft x 15.5 #/ft = 193,750 #
– Hydro. Pressure at 12500’ = 12,500 x 0.052 x 10.5 = 6,825 psi.
– Displacement with diesel :
To have 1,000 psi underbalance, the pressure at liner lap
should be 5,000 psi.
Hydro. P of the diesel = 12,500 x 6.84 x 0.052 =
4445 psi
Surface Pressure = 6,825 - 4,445 = 2,380 psi
Hydro P. due to the mud = 50.ft x 0.052 x 10.5
= 27 psi
Total P. on Liner Lap = 4,445 + 2,380 + 27 = 6,852
psi
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Pressure to be bled off = 6,852 - 5,000 =
1,852 psi
 Example 3 solution cont.
 Buoyancy forces :
– Annulus:
 A3 = 3.1416 / 4 (3.5)2 = 9.62 in2
 A3 - A2 = 9.62 - 6.35 = 3.27 in2
 Force up = 3.27 x 6,825 = 22,318 #
– Tubing:
 A1 = 3.1416 / 4 (2.602)2 = 5.3175 in2
 A1 - A2 = 5.3175 - 6.35 = -1.0325 in2 => Force acting
up
 Force up = 1.0325 x ( 5,000 - 27 ) = 5,135 #
 Forces acting on the inside of the Tubing:
– Initial Hook-load
27
= 193,750 -65,656 + 26,444 - 15,000 on packer = 139,538
#
 Example 3 solution cont.
 Force Acting On the Tool (By-pass), due to change of pressure in the
tubing :
– Positrieve areas due to increase in tubing pressure : (Annulus
BHP is greater than tubing BHP)
 Up on A2 - A1 (Packer)
 Down on A8 - A10 (Packer)
 Up on A6 - A7 (Packer)
 Up on A1 (Surface)
– Bleeding off pressure (pressure decreases) removes forces that
were acting on the those areas
– Direction of force is reversed due to pressure decrease.
– By-pass will be opened at the original hook load plus change in
28 weight due to bleeding-off pressure in the tubing
 Example 3 solution cont.
– Forces acting on the positrieve area/ surface area A1:
 A1 = 5.3175 sq.. in. (previous calculations)
 Force down on A2 - A1 = (6.35 - 5.32) x 1852 = 2,129.8 #
 Force up on A8 - A10 = (16.41 - 8.58) x 1852 = 14,501.2 #
 Force down on A6 - A7 = (16.41 - 8.93) x 1852 = 13,852.9 #
 Force down on A1 (applied press.) = 1852 x 5.32 = 9,852.6 #
– Forces acting on tool (by-pass)
= 2,129.8 -14,501.2 + 13,852.9 + 9,852.6 = 11,334 # positive,
means it will tend to close by-pass.
– Hook load to open by-pass = initial hook load prior to setting packer
plus forces due to hydraulic pressure (this force can be positive or
negative)
29 = 139,538 + 15,000 slack-off weight on packer + 11,334 = 165,872
#
 Positrieve Calculation Example 4
PRESSURE TEST CASING Set Packer with 30,000 lbs;
4” DP Pressure test casing below packer to 5,000
10.4 #/ft
psi with 2,000 psi pressure in the annulus.

 Name 3 important parameters to

consider for this test
Packer @  CALCULATE :
4,950 ft
1) Available setting weight;
13.3/8 Shoe 2) Hook Load after setting the packer
@ 5,000 ft
3) Force on the tool ( By-Pass ) during the
13.3/8” Csg , P110 , 77 #/ft test;
15.5 ppg Brine
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4) Hook Load during the test.
 Example 4 solution
 Three important parameters to consider when testing at high
pressure :
– Casing burst, collapse pressure, its condition ; old, new etc.
– DP burst pressure
– Packer limitations. e.g. max. diff. pressure it can handle.
 Available setting weight
– Tubing weight in air = 4950 x 10.4 = 51,450 #
– Buoyancy factor in 15.5 PPG brine = 0.7631
– Available setting weight = 0.7631 x 51,450 # = 39,261 #
 Initial Hook-load after setting the packer (30,000 # set down
weight ) = 39,261 - 30,000 = 9,261 #
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 Example 4 Solution cont.
 Tubing BHP > Ann. BHP
 A1 = 3.1416 /4 (3.5)2 = 9.62 sq.in.
 A3 = 3.1416 /4 (4)2 = 12.57 sq.in.
– Tubing BHP acts :
 Up on A2 - A1 = (14.16 - 9.62) x 5000 = 22,700 #
 Down on A8 - A9 = (33.17 - 18.96) x 5000 = 71,050 #
– Tubing press. at surface acts up on A1 = 9.62 x 5000 =
48,100 #
– Annulus BHP acts :
 Up on A3 - A2 = (12.57 - 14.16) x 2000 = - 3,180 #
 up on A8 - A9 = (33.17 - 18.96) x 2000 = 28,420 #
 Forces acting on by-pass during the test = - 22,700 + 71,050
32 - 48,100 - (- 3,180) - 28,420 = - 24,990 #
 Example 4 Solution cont.
 30,000 # set down weight will be sufficient to keep
the by-pass closed. Remaining set down weight =
30,000 - 24,990 = 5,010 #

 By slacking-off all weight (hook-load = 0, slack-off

weight = 39,261 #), effective weight on by-pass =
39,261 # - 24,990 # = 14,271 #

= the Hook load required to open by-pass (if the

pressure is not bled-off prior to unsetting packer)

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 Positrieve Calculation Example 5
SWAB TEST
Set Packer with 15,000 lbs with
3 1/2” DP
15.5 #/ft
mud inside and outside the tubing.
Swab until the well is
Paker @
underbalance 1,000 psi @ Liner
12,500 ft lap
BHP 6,000 psi
@ 13,000 ft 12,550 ft
top liner  CALCULATE :

13,000 ft
7” Shoe 1) Hook Load after Packer is set
2) Force acting on the Tool (By-
10.5 ppg
Mud
Pass) after pressure is swabbed
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to 1,000 psi underbalance .
 Example 5 Colution cont.
 Tubing Pressure reduction required to underbalance the well
1000 psi:
– To have 1000 psi underbalance, after setting the packer,
tubing has to be swabbed, until the pressure at liner lap =
5000 psi
– Hydrostatic pressure in the tubing, at packer due to column of
mud above it has to be reduced to = 5000 - (50 x 0.052 x
10.5) = 4973 psi.
– Annulus Hydrostatic pressure at packer, at 12500’ = 12,500 x
0.052 x 10.5 = 6,825 psi.
– Pressure to be swabbed = 6,825 - 4,973 = 1,852 psi.
 Note that tubing pressure at surface prior to swabbing and after
swabbing is 0 psi.
35

 In the Example 3, tubing pressure initial was 1852 psi, and then
bled off to 0 psi. (there is a pressure change)
 Example 5 Solution
 Initial Hook-load
– Tubing weight in air = 12500’ x 15.5 #/ft = 193,750 #
– Buyancy factor (table 300.037) = 0.8395
– Initial hook load = (0.8395 x 193,750) - 15,000 = 162,653 #
 Force Acting On the Tool (By-pass), due to change of pressure in the
tubing :
– Positrieve areas due to increase in tubing pressure : (Annulus
BHP is greater than tubing BHP)
 Up on A2 - A1 (Packer)
 Down on A8 - A10 (Packer)
 Up on A6 - A7 (Packer)
 Nothing on A1 (Surface). Pressure = 0 psi at all time, No
pressure change.
36 – Direction of force is reversed due to pressure decrease.
 Example 5 solution cont.
– Forces acting on the positrieve area/ surface area A1:
 A1 = 5.3175 sq.. in. (previous calculations)
 Force down on A2 - A1 = (6.35 - 5.32) x 1852 = 2,129.8 #
 Force up on A8 - A10 = (16.41 - 8.58) x 1852 = 14,501.2 #
 Force down on A6 - A7 = (16.41 - 8.93) x 1852 = 13,852.9 #
– Forces acting on tool (by-pass)
= 2,129.8 -14,501.2 + 13,852.9 = 1,481 # , positive, means it will
tend to close by-pass.
– Hook load to open by-pass = initial hook load prior to setting
packer plus forces due to hydraulic pressure (this force can be
positive or negative)
37 = 162,653 + 15,000 slack-off weight on packer + 1,481 =
179,134 #
 Hurricane Packer
Hydril/ Pipe ram
A1 : Workstring ID
A1
A3 A2 : Mandrel OD
Work-String
A3 : Workstring OD
A4 : Upper slip bowl
A2 OD
A5 A4 A5 : Upper Slip Bowl ID
Upper slips A6 : Free Piston OD
A7 A6
A7 : Free Piston ID
A8
A10 A9 A8 : By-pass OD
A9 : By-pass seal OD
Lower slips A10 : By-pass seal ID

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 Hurricane packer
The construction of the Hurricane Packer and the Areas are
similar to the Positrieve type “J” ,
The calculations method is exactly the same ,
Use the same tables for Areas than the positrieve .

Packer Size Type A2 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10

4.5 - 5 J 3.76 8.95 4.89 8.95 5.58 4.67
5 1/2 - 6 J 4.32 11.80 5.93 11.80 7.04 5.93
6 5/8 - 7 5/8 J 6.35 16.41 8.93 16.41 10.25 8.58
8 5/8 - 9 5/8 J 10.30 25.98 14.16 25.98 15.63 13.51
10 3/4 - 13 3/8 J 11.02 33.18 15.00 33.18 18.96 16.53

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 Permanent Packers Tool Review
 Cement Retainers as
permanent packers
 Common Retainers
used by Dowell are
Elder or Baker K-1
 Retainer K-1 size 1AA to
2BB has a Seal Bore of
1.345”
Seal
 Retainer K-1 size 3AA to
11BB has a Seal Bore of
2”
Not per scale
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 Effect of Hydraulic press. on Tools
b c c b  Work String Larger than
the Retainer bore. (Most
e e
Cases)

a f f a – a - Annular pressure
– b- Internal pressure
– c cancels with d
– e No influence
(permanent packer)
e e
– f - Nothing, cancels
from bonded seal and
d d
stinger
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 Retainers Calculation - example 1
 Work String larger than the retainer
bore
Tubing 2 3/8”  (Most cases with cement retainers)
EUE, 4.7 #/ ft

– Tubing ID = 1.995”
5 1/2” Casing
15.5 #/ ft – 5 1/2” casing, 15.5 #/ ft, use 2AA
Cement retainer.
– Retainer bore = 1.345”
Retainer depth
9510 ft – Fluid in annulus = 400 API Oil
– Fluid in Tubing = 9.6 #/ gal Salt
water.
 Find : Hook-load to release from
packer.
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 Retainer Example 1 - Solution
 Annulus :
– Area = 3.1416/ 4 (2.3752 - 1.3452 ) = 3.01 sq.in.
– Hydrostatic pressure = 9510 ft x 0.3573 psi/ ft = 3398 psi
– Force = 3398 psi x 3.01 sq.in. = 10,228 #
 Tubing :
– Area = 3.1416/ 4 (1.9952 - 1.3452 ) = 1.705 sq.in.
– Hydrostatic pressure = 9510 ft x 0.499 psi/ ft = 4745 psi
– Force = 4745 psi x 1.705 sq.in. = 8090.7 #
 Weight in air = 9510 ft x 4.7 #/ ft = 44,697 #
 Hook-load to achieve a neutral point at packer ( No tension and no
compression) = 44,697 + 8,090.7 - 10,228 = 42,560 #
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 Summary
 Positrieve Type “J” Packer Hydraulics
– Positrieve review
– Effect of Hydraulics Acting on Tools
– Positrieve Hydraulics Calculations
– Positrieve “J” Pressure Area Chart/ Table
 Hurricane Packer Hydraulics
 Cement Retainers Hydraulics
– Cement Retainers Review
– Effect of Hydraulics Acting on Tools
– Retainer Hydraulics Calculations
– Retainer Pressure Area Chart/ Table
59
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