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Measurement
Dr. Nafis Ahmad
March-2017
Operations Management, MBA/EMBA Program
1. Historical experience
2. Time studies
3. Predetermined time standards
4. Work sampling
15.36
= = 18.07 minutes
1 - .15
Figure S10.2
© 2008 Prentice Hall, Inc. S10 – 18
MTM Example
Weight - less than 2 pounds
Conditions of GET - easy
Place accuracy - approximate
Distance range - 8 to 20 inches
Table S10.2
© 2008 Prentice Hall, Inc. S10 – 19
Work Sampling
Estimates percent of time a worker
spends on various tasks
Requires random observations to
record worker activity
Determines how employees allocate
their time
Can be used to set staffing levels,
reassign duties, estimate costs, and
set delay allowances
© 2008 Prentice Hall, Inc. S10 – 20
Work Sampling
Advantages of work sampling
Less expensive than time study
Observers need little training
Studies can be delayed or interrupted
with little impact on results
Worker has little
chance to affect
results
Less intrusive
© 2008 Prentice Hall, Inc. S10 – 21
Work Sampling
(2)2 (.25)(.75)
n= 2 = 833 observations
(.03)
© 2008 Prentice Hall, Inc. S10 – 25
Work Sampling Example
No. of
Observations Activity
485 On the phone or meeting with a welfare client
126 Idle
62 Personal time
23 Discussions with supervisor
137 Filing, meeting, and computer data entry
833
Sales in Travel
person 20%
20%
Telephone
sales Paperwork
12% 17%
Lunch and
personal
10%
Telephone
within firm Meetings
13% and other
Figure S10.3
8%
Dead time
between tasks
13%
Productive Unscheduled tasks
work and downtime
67% 4%
Cleanup
3%
Figure S10.3
Thank You