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• Define VLANs
• List the benefits of VLANs
• Explain how VLANs are used to create broadcast domains
• Explain how routers are used for communication between VLANs
• List the common VLAN types
• Define ISL and 802.1Q
• Explain the concept of geographic VLANs
• Configure static VLANs on 29xx series Catalyst switches
• Verify and save VLAN configurations
• Delete VLANs from a switch configuration
10.3.0.0/16
• 1) No VLANs, or in other words, One One link per VLAN or a single VLAN
VLAN. Single IP network. Trunk (later) 10.1.0.0/16
• 2) With or without VLANs. However this 1) With
can be and example of no VLANS. In both
VLANs
examples, each group (switch) is on a
10.2.0.0/16
different IP network.
• 3) Using VLANs. Switch is configured with
the ports on the appropriate VLAN.
• What are the broadcast domains in each? 10.3.0.0/16
172.30.2.10 172.30.1.23
255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 . Port VLAN 2 VLAN 1
1 2 1 2 2 1 . VLAN
Two VLANs
Ÿ Two Subnets
Important notes on VLANs:
1. VLANs are assigned on the switch port. There is no “VLAN”
assignment done on the host (usually).
2. In order for a host to be a part of that VLAN, it must be assigned an IP
address that belongs to the proper subnet.
Remember: VLAN = Subnet
• The key benefit of VLANs is that they permit the network administrator
to organize the LAN logically instead of physically.
• Note: Can be done without VLANs, but VLANs limit the broadcast
domains
• This means that an administrator is able to do all of the following:
– Easily move workstations on the LAN.
– Easily add workstations to the LAN.
– Easily change the LAN configuration.
– Easily control network traffic.
– Improve
Rick Graziani security.
graziani@cabrillo.edu 11
Without VLANs – No Broadcast Control
ARP Request
172.30.1.21
Switch 1
172.30.2.12
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
172.30.2.10 172.30.1.23
255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0
No VLANs
Ÿ Same as a single VLAN
Ÿ Two Subnets
172.30.1.21
Switch 1
172.30.2.12
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
VLAN 1
VLAN 2
172.30.2.10 172.30.1.23
255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0
VLAN 2 VLAN 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 . Port
1 2 1 2 2 1 . VLAN
Two VLANs
Ÿ Two Subnets
• Rarely implemented.
Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 15
.
VLAN Tagging
• VLAN Tagging is used when a link needs to carry traffic for more than
one VLAN.
– Trunk link: As packets are received by the switch from any attached
end-station device, a unique packet identifier is added within each
header.
• This header information designates the VLAN membership of each
packet.
• The packet is then forwarded to the appropriate switches or routers based
on the VLAN identifier and MAC address.
• Upon reaching the destination node (Switch) the VLAN ID is removed from
the packet by the adjacent switch and forwarded to the attached device.
• Packet tagging provides a mechanism for controlling the flow of broadcasts
and applications while not interfering with the network and applications.
Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 16
.
VLAN Tagging
No VLAN Tagging
VLAN Tagging
802.10
• There are two major methods of frame tagging, Cisco proprietary Inter-
Switch Link (ISL) and IEEE 802.1Q.
• ISL used to be the most common, but is now being replaced by 802.1Q
frame tagging.
• Cisco recommends using 802.1Q.
• VLAN Tagging and Trunking will be discussed in the next chapter.
Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 18
.
Two Types of VLANs
• The core layer router is being used to route between subnets (VLANs).
• The network is engineered, based on traffic flow patterns, to have
80 percent of the traffic contained within a VLAN.
• The remaining 20 percent crosses the router to the enterprise servers
and to the Internet and WAN.
• Note: This is known as the 80/20 rule. With today’s traffic
patterns, this rule is becoming obsolete.
• Create the VLAN: (This step is not required and will be discussed
later.)
Switch#vlan database
Switch(vlan)#vlan vlan_number
Switch(vlan)#exit
Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 28
.
Creating VLANs
• access – Denotes this port as an access port and not a trunk link (later)
vlan 2
vlan 3
This command does not work on all 2900 switches, such as the 2900
Series XL. It does work on the 2950.
Switch#vlan database
Switch(vlan)#?
VLAN database editing buffer manipulation commands:
abort Exit mode without applying the changes
apply Apply current changes and bump revision number
exit Apply changes, bump revision number, and exit mode
no Negate a command or set its defaults
reset Abandon current changes and reread current database
show Show database information
vlan Add, delete, or modify values associated with a single VLAN
vtp Perform VTP administrative functions.