DESIGN OF RECIPROCATING SINGLE CUTTER TYPE OF TEA

PICKER MACHINE POWERED BY A BATTERY

By:
Anri Kurniawan
Bambang Purwantana
Lilik Sutiarso
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL AND BIOSYSTEM
ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA
INTRODUCTION
 According to Sandeep, Gopinath and Manas (2010) the problems facing tea
plantations around the world are the shortage of labor of the pickers and the
rising of wages. The demand for labor on tea plantations is 13 people from 10
hectares tea plantation and 70% is the worker of the picker (Herawati and
Nurawan 2009).
 The impact of the scarcity of the labor of the pickers causes the productivity of
the plantation is not maximal, so the production target is not achieved.
Unfulfilled production targets resulted in the loss of tea plantations, both
material and non-material. Petrol tea picker machine has a high working
capacity of 224 kg / ha (for 1 operator). Petrol tea picker machine has a
problem that is the weight of the tool 15 kg, even has a maximum weight of 70
kg when fully charged, thus requiring 3 men operators. The labor that is in tea
plantation is woman labor, so if picked machine operated then labor will be
replaced by man labor. In addition, picking machines are difficult to operate in
tea plantations in Indonesia which has a slope of hilly and bumpy land, which
has a slope of 70%.
ALAT PETIK TEH
Research Purposes
Design a tea picking machine with the application of dimensional
analysis to increase the capacity of the pickers and top tea
qualified and reduce the top tea unqualified.
Determines the mathematical equations of the working capacity
of the pickers, the tea qualified and the tea unqualified against
the parameters of the constructs, processes and outcomes that
affect.
Applying tea picking machine type reciprocating single cutter
whit battery power source with ergonomic approach to the female
workforce.
Analyzing of economic tea picking machine type reciprocating
single cutter with battery power source.
 Times and Places
 The research was conducted in December 2016-March 2017 at
Agricultural Energy and Machinery Laboratory, Faculty of
Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta
and Sambawa Tea Plantation, Megaraya and Private Garden in
Tasikmalaya.
 Tools and Material
 The tools used for the manufacture of tea picking machine reciprocating type
with a battery power source are: MLG Tools 7.2 Volt, Basket carrying, canvas
(parachute), plate, battery, iron knife, waring, battery charger, hand tool,
analysis tray, soldier, Baked glue etc. Tools used for machine testing:
stopwatch, tachometer, texture analyzer brookfield, AVO meter, digital scales,
meter and long run.
 Materials used are: iron plate, plastic box, galvanized pipe, Li-Ion MXJO
batteries, tea shoots and plantation area of 31.14 ha.
 Variable in Tea Plucking Machine
No Variable Notasion Unit Dimensions
Construction
1 Length of blade L M L
2 Power P Kg.m/s ML2 T-3
3 Weight W Kg.m/s2 MLT-2
4 Container Volume Υ m3 L3
Process
5 Rotation µ 1/s T-1
6 Slope the area S % -
7 Picker speed V m/s LT-1
Material
8 Material Density Ρ Kg/m3 M L-3
9 Shears Modulus E N/m2 ML-1T-2
Dependent
10 Work Capacity K Kg/HKO MT-1
Dimensional Analysis
 Concept Design of Tea Picking
Machine

Concept design of tea picking machine reciprocating type with a battery power
source with a combination of the concept of tea picking machine patrol powered
with grass shear power batteries. Namely picking is done by using a reciprocating
single cutter system that consists of two blades that touch each other with a static
knife and a moving blade (Maglioni, 2009). The motor is used using a dynamo DC
motor 7.2 volts driven using a battery that has been modified by having 3 Ah. DC
motor rotation is transferred using an eccentric gear to the cutting blade so as to
form an alternating motion pattern. Cutter comes with a collection, which is a
container shoot container that is adjusted with a knife, functioning to accommodate
shoots before being inserted into the waring. The collection consists of 2 models:
collection bag (collection bag) and collection box (container box).
 Design of Tea Plucking Machine
Model 1

1. Tea Picker Machine Body, 2. Blade of reciprocating Single Cutter, 3. Battery Pack, 4.
Cover, 5. Switch on/off, 7. collection Bag, 8. Plat collection 9. Handle
 Design of Tea Plucking Machine
Model 1

1. Tea Picker Machine Body, 2. Blade of reciprocating Single Cutter, 3. Battery Pack, 4.
Cover, 5. Switch on/off, 7. collection Box, 9. Handle
 Tea Plucking Machine

COLLECTION COLLECTION
BAG BOX
 Work Capacity
“ROTATION SPEED”
200
189,51 180.00
190 185,18
170.00 168.30
180
160.00
170
Work Capacity (Kg/HKO)

Work Capacity (Kg/HKO)

150.67
160 150.00

150 140.00

140
130.00
130
120.00 117.07
120 115,96
110.00
110

100 100.00
78.5 95.94 109.02 78.5 95.94 109.02
Rotation speed (rpd) Rotation Speed (rpd)

COLLECTION COLLECTION
BAG BOX
 Work Capacity
“Slope the Area”
250.00 200.00
175.37
207 180.00
154.11
200.00 160.00

Work Capacity (Kg/HKO)

Work capacity (Kg/HKO)

140.00
154
150.00 120.00 106.56
129
100.00

100.00 80.00
60.00

50.00 40.00
20.00
0.00
0.00
Flat Wavy Hilly
Flat Wavy Hilly
Slope the area
Slope the area

COLLECTION COLLECTION
BAG BOX
 Work Capacity
“Picker Speed”
200
187,48 190 181,55
190 181,37
180 170
155,29
Work Capacity (Kg/HKO)

170

Work Capacity (Kg/HKO)

150
160

150 130

140
110 99,18
130
121,81 90
120

110 70
100
0.30 0.60 0.90 50
Picker Capacity (m/s) 0.30 0.60 0.90
Picker Capacity (m/s)

COLLECTION COLLECTION
BAG BOX
 Work Capacity
“Shear Modulus”
250.00
190.00
Gambung
Gambung
200.00 170.00
Work Capacity (Kg/HKO)

Klonal klonal

Work Capacity (Kg/HKO)

150.00
150.00
Biji
130.00

100.00 Biji
110.00

50.00 90.00

70.00
0.00
5.88 5.53 5.02 50.00
Shear Modulus (N/m2) 5.53 4.22 4.05
Shear Modulus (N/m2)

COLLECTION COLLECTION
BAG BOX
Comparison Prediction and
Observation on Model 1
Comparison Prediction and
Observation on Model 2
 Comparison Work Capacity Picker
Tools
Work Capacity
250
224

200
165.83
146.69
150

100
64.89 66.82

50 41.51

0
E-tem Model 1 E-tem Model 2 Plucking Scissor Plucking Scissor Etem/Ani-ani Tea Harvester
Modification (edge) Conventional Machine Model
GT120
 Cost Analysis
If using tea picking machine per year profit on 1 hetare of land is Rp.
7,138,671 per ha per year. Much larger than the tea picking machine of Rp.
5,616,225 per ha per year. The collection bag model is 16.08% more
efficient than the collection box model in terms of revenue pickers. The
collection bag model is more efficient compared to 31% tea picking machine
petrol type, with 35.50% and 14% of etem/ani-ani for scissors. The
collection box model is also more efficient 6.24% than tea picking machine
petrol type and 20.63 from the use of etem/ani-ani. So it can be concluded
that the manufacture of tea picking machine reciprocating types battery
power source worth Implementation of tea plantations to meet the needs of
labor is reduced each year.
 Conclusion
1. The design of tea picking machine reciprocating type battery power
source that uses two models of Model 1 (Collection Bag) and model 1
(Collection Box). The battery used is a rechargeable lithium ion 3000
mAh.
2. Model of predicate work capacity, top tea qualified and top tea
unqualified is developed with dimension analysis approach based on
design and operational variables. Variables for model development are
the length of the cutting blade (L), power (P), weight (W), Collection
volume (υ), Motor rotation (μ), Topography (S) Speed of Picker Rate V),
Material Density (ρ) Shear Modulus (E) to the picker working capacity (K),
top tea qualified (MS) and top tea unqualified (TS).
3. The result of testing of worker capacity of the picker is 165,83 kg/HKO,
top tea qualified 62,87 % and top tea unqualified for model 1. The
worker capacity of the picker is 146,69 kg/HKO, top tea qualified 61,49
% and top tea unqualified 38,51 for model 2.
 Conclusion

4. Based on statistic test of variables rotation are slow (78,50 rpd) and medium
(95,94 rpd), flatland slope (40-150) and wavy (200-300), slow picking speed
(0,25-0,35 m/s) and medium(0,55-0,65 m/s) and gambung & clonal varieties can
increase the work capacity of the picker on the collection bag and collection box
model.
5. In the ergonomic aspect, the sound level is 69,5 dB and the engine vibration is
0,977 m/s. The right hand tool user complaint is 72,77%, left hand is 69,72%
and left shoulder - right shoulder - waist 66,11%. The durability of the pickers in
using the tool for 62 seconds for models 1 and 124 seconds for model 2. All
parameters show that the picking machine is safe to use at 6 working hours.
6. Based on the simple economic analysis, the cost of machine use per hectare per
year is 31% more efficient compared to petrified fuel machine, 35% compared to
etem/ani-ani and 14% compared to scissors. The benefits gained tool is Rp.
7,138,671 / ha in a year.
 THANKS
FOR
ATTENTION