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• Education is a dynamic process, which involves the

interplay of the educator, educand and the social forces


to make an individual socially adjustable and
responsible.
• The term ‘education’ means to plunge a man’s body,
mind and soul from ignorance .
• It enhances an individual’s personality and provides him
confidence to reach out to the world.
• It involves the growth and development of the individual
in relation to his environment.
• Education is the means through which the aims and
habits of a group of people lives on from one
generation to the next.
• Generally, it occurs through any experience that has
a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or
acts.
• In its narrow, technical sense, education is the formal
process by which society deliberately transmits its
accumulated knowledge, skills, customs and values
from one generation to another.
• These days education is seen not only as an
instrument of social change but is also viewed as the
best investment for the future.
• Philosophy of education refers to the academic field of
applied philosophy which examines the definition, goals
and meaning of education.
As an academic field, philosophy of education is:
• The philosophical study of education and its problems.
• Its central subject matter is education and its methods are
those of Philosophy.
• The philosophy of education may be either the
philosophy of the process of education or the philosophy
of the discipline of education.
• It is a part of the discipline in the sense of being
concerned with the aims, forms, methods or results of the
process of educating or being educated.
• It is both a part of the field of education and the field
of applied philosophy drawing from the fields of
metaphysics, epistemology and axiology (which is
the study of values-ethics and aesthetics)
• It also relies upon the philosophical approaches i.e.
speculative, prescriptive and analytic, to address
questions in and about pedagogy, educational policy,
curriculum and the process of learning.
• It defines the limits of education as an academic
discipline and establishes the relation between
educational theory and practice.
3 Functions of Philosophic Method

1. Educational Philosophy as Speculative

2. Educational Philosophy as Normative

3. Educational Philosophy as Critical


3 Functions of Philosophic Method

1. Educational Philosophy as Speculative


-refers to that which allows individuals to look at
the different elements of education from the whole
perspectives of man and examines each element so that
these fit into the perspective of the whole human being.
- speculative philosophy tries to sketch a map of
the universe and man’s place in it.
- speculative philosophy limits ones vision of the
future as each individual have only a limited vision of
what he speculates in the future. On the other hand,
speculative philosophy of education also enables man
to look at himself in the light of he wants to be in the
future
• Educational philosophy makes an endeavor to be
synoptic.
• It includes an overview of the areas of sciences and
social sciences.
• Derives a meaningful whole out of varied data. d) It
makes tentative inferences where there are gaps in
data.
3 Functions of Philosophic Method

2. Educational Philosophy as Normative


-educational philosophy has also traditionally
assumed the burden of formulating goals, norms,
standards by which to conduct educative process
- in performing normative functions, educational
philosophy may draw in other area of the culture
• Norms should not lead educational practice but must
follow it.
• Educational Philosophy rationalizes the usages
already in practice.
• The philosopher formulates a common theory out of
diverse practices.
• At the normative stage, philosophy is retrospective
and conservative rather than prospective and
progressive.
• Science might aid in determining the aims or values
of a community but philosophy determines its
appropriateness.
3 Functions of Philosophic Method

3. Educational Philosophy as Critical


-the educator wants to be assured not only of the
substance of the of the program of the schools but of its
formal validity.
-critical philosophy examines the logical premises
on which educational conclusions rest.
-it closely examines the language use to be sure its
meaning is clear and unambiguous.
- critical philosophy takes a penetrating look at the
end of evidence which will be acceptable for
confirming or refusing statements of facts about
education.
3 Theory in Education
1. Ethics- Theory of values
- Values are important consideration which studies
shall be included in the curriculum.
-Ethics, also known as moral philosophy, a branch
of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending,
and recommending concepts of right and wrong
behavior.
The major areas of study in ethics include:

• Meta-ethics: It deals with the theoretical meaning


and reference of moral propositions and how their
truth values may be determined.
• Normative ethics: It deals with the practical means of
determining a moral course of action.
• Applied ethics: It deals with the ways moral
outcomes can be achieved in specific situations.
3 Theory in Education

2. Epistemology- Theory of knowledge


- The nature of knowledge will not only have an
influence on the way in which the curriculum is
organized and taught, but it will also undergird the
conception of truth and the freedom with which it is
taught.
Epistemology is the study of knowledge and
justified belief. As the study of knowledge,
epistemology is concerned with the following
questions:
• What are the necessary and sufficient conditions of
knowledge?
• What are its sources?
• What is its structure, and what are its limits?
3 Theory in Education
3. Metaphysics- general theory of Reality
• Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy concerned with
explaining the fundamental nature of being and the
world.
• As Aristotle explains, Metaphysics is the study of a
Substance and its properties which exist and cause all
things, and is therefore the necessary foundation for all
human knowledge. He called it the study of the first
principles of things. He said it was the science of
existence in general, or of 'being as such‘. Metaphysics,
then, is a comprehensive study of what is fundamental to
all existence, all knowledge and all explanation.
Schools of Educational Philosophy

• Pragmatism
-What is experienced and observed is true.
-synonymous to functionality and practicality
-Thought must produce actions rather than continue
lying inside the mind.
On Education
- involves student work in groups
-method of teaching includes experimentation, project
making and problem solving
-stresses on the application of what have learned rather
than the transfer of the organized body of knowledge.
Schools of Educational Philosophy
Schools of Educational Philosophy

• Reconstructivism
-philosophy aims to awaken the consciousness of
individual about the social issues, concerns and
problems that confront him.
-Primary goal is to achieve the elusive social change.
On Education
- Schools should originate policies and progress that will
bring social reforms and orders
-Teachers should be an instrument to encourage and
lead students in the program of social reform.
-Methods of teaching include problem oriented type,
group discussions, interactions and community based
learning.
.
Schools of Educational Philosophy

Romantic Naturalism
-Romantic naturalists believed in promoting a
persons natural inclinations, and allowing a student to
work personally with a teacher/mentor, who will guide
them to reach their own personal potential instead of
shaping the student into a specific mold.
Relationship between Philosophy
and Education
Philosophy Determines The Real Destination
Towards Which Education Has To Go: It determines
the goals of life and also provides suitable and effective
guidance and supervision for education to achieve
those goals.
Philosophy Determines The Various Aspects of
Education: According to Ross, “Philosophy and
education are like the sides of the same coin, present
views of the same thing and one is implied by the
other”.
Relationship between Philosophy
and Education

Great Philosophers Have Been Great Educationists:


For example-Plato, Socrates, Locke, Gandhi,Tagore,
Aurobindo Ghosh etc.
Education is the Dynamic Side of Philosophy :
Philosophy is the plan and education is its application.
It determines the aims of education and lays down
principles to achieve them.

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