Inclination Depth, KOP

Objectives
On completion of this module you will be able to:
• Describe the four primary kick-off methods
• Explain where and why each method is preferred
• Design a BHA for each type of method
• Select appropriate Bits for the chosen technique
• Work as a second hand on a kick-off operation

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 What is a Kick-off

A kick-off is the deflection of well

bore while maintaining control
of Azimuth, Inclination and DLS.

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 Kick-off Methods

The following are methods of Kick-off:

• Jetting deflection
• Whipstock deflection
• Motor deflection
• Rotary Steerable deflection

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 Kick-off Methods
Lithology is the key to selecting the most
appropriate method:
Igneous &
Sedimentar
y Metamorph
ic
1 4 5 6 7 8

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 Kick-off Methods

Igneous &
Sedimentar
y Metamorph
ic
1 4 5 6 7 8

Moto Whipstoc
Jetting r k

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 Jetting
Jetting is the utilization of hydraulics to wash a pocket
beneath and to the side of the bit to cause deflection.

Jetting was, until recently considered redundant. However

with the increased requirement to exit mature platforms
where clearances between wells are too tight to utilize
anti-collision practices with steerable motor systems,
jetting has become the only economic alternative.

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 Jetting Bits
Two cone jetting bits like
this one from RBI® are
available but rarely
seen in the field:

-500’/SEC Nozzle Velocity

-Strong right hand walk 2
cone
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 Jetting Bits
Conventional roller cone
bits are commonly
used for jetting and are
adequate for the task :

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 Jetting BHA
BHAs for jetting need to be designed on the
principles of conventional “Rotary Build BHAs”:
• Jetting Bit (oriented)
• Near Bit Full Gauge Stabilizer
• Orientation Sub (UBHO) (dependent on
measurement tool)
• Up to 3 Drill Collars ( 12” to 26” hole) or (MWD
+ 2 DCs)
• String Stabilizer (optional, as is gauge if
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present)
 Jetting Procedure
The steps to follow are:
1. Orient BHA prior to commencing
(Scribe or survey)
2. Come on bottom using maximum flow
rate (>500’/sec)
3. Spud for +/- 6’ (2m)
4. Rotate remainder of double at reduced
flow rate.
5. Survey (if retrievable tool or use cont.
D&I if MWD)
6. Adjust orientation and distance
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spudded as required
7. Repeat from 2.
 Whipstocks

Whipstocks are highly effective tools designed to

provide lateral displacement from the well-
bore.
They do not give very large changes in dogleg
but due to the fact that what is provided is
done in a very small change in MD. They
generate high DLS values.
Though whipstocks are a niche market tool their
range and diversity is on the increase.
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 Whipstocks
Whipstocks come in five primary types:

• Open Hole Retrievable Whipstocks

• Open / Cased Hole Cemented Whipstocks
• Open Hole Packer Whipstocks
• Cased Hole Mechanical Set Whipstocks
• Cased Hole Hydraulic Set Whipstocks

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 Open / Cased Hole Cemented Whipstock
Features:
• 2 run (minimum) system
• Hollow, Bladed & Ported tail
• Inexpensive
• Simple & Reliable
• Problems in field when making
“Low side” kick-offs

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 Open / Cased Hole Cemented Whipstock

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 Open Hole Packer Whipstock

Features:
2 run system
• Cement inflated Packer
• Costly
• Complex but Reliable (hole
conditions)

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 Open Hole Packer Whipstock

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 Open Hole Packer Whipstock

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 Cased Hole Mechanical Set Whipstock

Features:
1, 2 or 3 run system
• Mechanically Set Packer
• Inexpensive
• Simple
• Requires Cement Plug or Bridge
Plug to set
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 Cased Hole Mechanical Set Whipstock

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 Cased Hole Hydraulic Set Whipstock

Features:
1, 2 or 3 run system
• Hydraulically Set Packer
• Costly
• Simple
• Set at any depth or orientation
required
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 Cased Hole Hydraulic Set Whipstock

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 Motors
Motors are the predominate method of
kicking off a well for the following reasons:
• Plentiful Supply, usually already on location
• Cost effective for most applications
• Tenacious
• Able to meet objectives after the Kick-off is
completed
• Highly flexible in controlling DLS
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 Motors

For the vast majority of side-tracks there is little

or no issue. A history of successful sidetracks are
documented in many of the formations that we
encounter.

The focus of this presentation is on the

exceptions to this rule, where side-tracks are
problematic or where this is the second or
subsequent attempt to side-track the well.
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 Motors

When there is doubt attached to the probability of

the side-track a different approach is required.
Issues need to be addressed in the following
areas:
• Clients attitude
• Bit selection
• Available Data
• Bend setting & Orientation
• Time Drilling
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 Client Attitude

When the success of a side-track is not a

foregone conclusion the client needs to be made
aware of:
• The Side-track is the objective of the current
operation
• Our commitment to success
– The Time drilling program
– The likely outcome of our actions
– The factors that have limited our success
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previously
• The contingency plan
 Bit Selection

Bit selection should be based on the short term

requirement:
Is durability a requirement?
NO
What are our requirements?
Ability to side-cut into this formation
What kind of bit will do this?

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 Bit Selection

There are specialized PDC side-tracking bits:

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 Bit Selection

And specialized Natural Diamond side-tracking

bits:

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 Bit Selection

There are certain characteristics common to fixed

cutter bits designed for side-tracking:
• The bit must not be inherently stable
– Shallow Cone
– Negligible Taper
– Minimal Gauge Protection
– Short Shank
• High cutter density on the edge
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 Bit Selection

When a dedicated fixed cutter bit is not available

we need to select the most appropriate roller
cone bit. The qualities that we are looking are
those that will give us the best side-cutting
action.
Which bit will be most effective in side-tracking?
a) An insert bit
b) A milled tooth bit
c) It depends on the formation
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 Bit Selection

To decide we need to consider the method used

to protect the gauge in the two different roller
cone bit types.

• Insert bits are fitted with

gauge inserts

• Milled Bits have no such apparent

protection
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 Bit Selection
Another feature to consider is Skew:

• Insert bits mostly have a

Low Skew

• Milled tooth bits for soft

formation have a High
Skew
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 Bit Selection
Recap

When a problematic side-track is expected:

• Dedicated Side-track bits are most

effective
• Milled tooth bits are preferred to Insert
bits
• 1-1-X bits are not suitable except in soft
formations
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• Hydraulics must be considered
 Available Data

When Preparing a Side-track it is advisable to use

all the information available to you to ensure
success.
Sources of relevant data include:
• Mud Log
– Lithology
– ROP
– Problems and Observations i.e. losses, torque

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 Available Data
Sources of relevant data include:
• Geolograph / Martin Decker Sheet
– ROP
– Comments & Observations
• Wireline logs
– Caliper
– Porosity
– Resistivity
– Passive Gamma
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 Available Data
Sources of relevant data include:
• D&M data
– Surveys
– Observations
• IADC Report

Some of this data will need to be interpreted as

few people like to report actions or events that
reflect badly on themselves, preferring to
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cloud the issue.
 Bend Setting & Orientation

• Bend Setting function of DLS requirement

– Increasing the bend provides a greater offset
and thus a higher side-force.
– The exception is when coming off a plug that
has stringers in it.

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 Bend Setting & Orientation
Orientation is a function of Objective:

We need to decide what is most important

• To never reenter the old hole
• To correct the direction of the well toward a
target
• To facilitate to the maximum the side-track

Each of these will require a different approach

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 Time Drilling
To time drill we need to plan our strategy based
on:

• ROP when drilled

• Type & Behavior of Formation
• Well Path close to the Side-track
• Logs of this well or similar offset well
• Use all available sources of information

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 Time Drilling
Decide your game plan:

• Time drilling Rate & Distance for each step

– Inform Client Rep & Driller / Toolpusher
• Maximize Block height
• Be aware of Lag time
– Watch cutting ratios
– Sample catch quality
– Switch to WOB drilling
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 Time Drilling Rules
In a tough sidetrack:

• Don’t let the client fluster you

• Yes you can slow down again
• It is never as bad as it seems
• Patience wins through
• The cost of setting a new plug is higher than
drilling slower

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 Rotary Steerable
That can be in three following part:

• PD & whipstock kickoffs

• Kick off from vertical
• Open hole side tracks

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 PD & whipstock kickoffs
• Not recommended to drill Directly of Whipstock
• Min 3 to 5m drill with Mill BHA before P/U PD
• Make sure Mills are in gauge before P/U PD
• No rotation through window
• Wash through window, reduce GPM to prevent pad damage
• Start drilling with reduce WOB & RPM to minimize potential
risk of shock across CU to damage CU

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 Kick off from vertical
• Close to full gauge stabilizer (1/8” UG)
– Allows maximum 3D steerability
• Select bit type with aggressive side cutting action
– Fully active gauge
• Program the SCB for 4 pulse telemetry (GTF / MTF)
• Start with maximum bias on the required magnetic TF
– Establish kick off before reducing bias %
• Downlink to gravity TF once above +/- 5 degrees inc.
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 Open hole side tracks
• Not designed for open hole side tracks, however Low Side
Sidetracks has been done with some care

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