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3
Design Equations
Discharge
over an
uncontrolled
ogee crest
Pier and
abutment
effects in
contracting
the ogee
overflow
4
Discharge
Coefficients
Applicable only for
Imperial units
-Effect of
different
operating heads
-Effect of
sloping
upstream face
-Effect of
downstream
influences
Low High
Flow Flow
Depths Depths
Low
High
apron
apron
Source: USBR levels
levels
Design of
Small Dams,
7
1987)
Discharge
Coefficients
-Apron effects
-Tail water
effects
Yc/H0
R/H0
19
Design of terminal
structures – Stilling basins
22
Stilling basin TYPE I
Design Discharge = 350 + the last two numbers in your index number m3/s
Reservoir bottom level at spillway = 195 m MSL
Spillway crest level = 200 m MSL
Spillway design water level = 204 m MSL
Take the river bed slope as 0.001 and the Manning’s roughness factor at the energy dissipater
as 0.025. Length of the energy dissipater should be at least two times longer than the length
of the hydraulic jump. Rating curve of the downstream river is given. Refer USBR design charts
for detailing.
Deflector Buckets
25
Source: USBR Design of Small Dams, 1987)
Hydraulics of
solid and slotted
buckets
28
Victoria spillway with its 8 counter weighted (Tainter) radial gates
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Spillway Design Data
• Reservoir storage - elevation curve
- storage volume vs. elevation
- developed from topographic maps
- requires reservoir operation rules for flood
routing modeling
• Spillway discharge rating curve
- should be calculated based on the type of
spillway to be used (weir equations etc may be
useful in preliminary calculations)
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Reservoir Capacity Curve
Eg: Elevation-Storage curve of Victoria reservoir at
443 spilling
442
441
Elevation mMSL
440
439
438
437
700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860
Storage mcm
31
Spillway discharge rating curve
Eg: Elevation vs spillway discharge (per gate each12.5 m wide x 9m high) of Victoria
Reservoir
Dam
crest
FSL
SILL
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Spillway should be able to pass the PMF
• Route the flood through the reservoir to
determine the required spillway size
S = (Qi – Qo) t
Qi determined from inflow hydrograph
Qo determined from outflow rating curve
S determined from storage rating curve
- This is a trial and error process and you may
use a software such as HEC HMS.
33
90
PMP in Kalawewa
Kalawewa 80
70
Catchment of 674 km2
flood 60
=567 mm/24 hrs
Rainfall (mm)
50
40
attenuation 30
20
during PMF 10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Time (hrs)
7000
6000
5000
PMF into Kalawewa =6367 m3/s
Flow (m3/s)
4000
3000
2000
30 1000
25
0
20
Area (km2)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48
15 Time (hrs)
10
3500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 10834 120
Time (hrs)
Kalawewa Outlets
35
5 138 2500 138
Kalawewa
Outflow (m3/s)
1500
Outflow (m3/s)
outflows
(m MSL)
(m MSL)
4 128 128
1000
3.5 123 500 123
during PMF 3
0 20 40 60 80 100
118 0
0 20 40 60 80 100
118
35 138 5 138
Outflow (m3/s)
(m MSL)
(m MSL)
25 128 128
3.5
20 123 123
3
15 118 2.5 118
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
Time (hrs) Time (hrs)
Discharge of Left Bank Sluice Reservior Water Level Discharge of Balaluwewa Yoda Ela
Outflow (m3/s)
Outflow (m3/s)
500
(m MSL)
(m MSL)
8.5 128 128
400
8 300
123 123
7.5 200
7 118 100 118
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
Time (hrs) Time (hrs)
Discharge of Yoda Ela Reservior Water Level Discharge of Radial Gated Spillway
Outflow (m3/s)
150
Outflow (m3/s)
(m MSL)
(m MSL)
60 128 128
100
50 123 50 123
40 118 0 118
0 20 40 60 80 100
0 20 40 60
Time (hrs)
80 100 Time (hrs) 36
Discharge of Right Bank Sluice Reservior Water Level Discharge of Dam Breach Section
Example of spillways at Kalawewa
Chute spillway
The chute spillway is situated immediately to the left of the overflow spillway and consists of
a concrete gravity structure with two chutes, divided by a central dividing wall. The flow is
controlled by twin 6.1m square radial gates controlled by electrically powered winches and
cables set on a platform on the crest of the structure. Flow over the structure is projected
over a roller bucket into the original river channel. Weir crest level is 123.15m MSL
Uncontrolled spillway
The uncontrolled spillway comprises of a 183.5m long overflow weir. The weir crest level is
129.27m MSL.
Breach section
The overflow section, recently constructed is a 240m long section of the embankment on the
left flank with a crest level equal to 131.4m MSL, the maximum flood level. In an extreme
flood (frequency unspecified) the reservoir level could rise above the maximum flood level, in
which case the breach section would be preferentially eroded and the reservoir level lowered,
thus saving the main embankment.
37
Emergency dam break sections
38
Spillway Capacity vs. Surcharge
- Surcharge increases when the spillway capacity is
reduced
Gated crest at
lower elevation39
Spillway Cost Analysis
40