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Kinematic Variables
Description Vector Scalar
Position r s
Velocity v v
Acceleration a a
Time t t
Defining Kinematic Equations
Three basic kinematic equations we will use all semester.
(1) Velocity is the time rate of change of position.
(2) Acceleration is the time rate of change of velocity.
(3) a ds = v dv along a given path. (Obtained from (1) and (2))
For now, for simplicity, we’ll Defining Kinematic Eqns
use the scalar version of the Scalar Vector
equations.
Elim dt 1 v = ds v = dr
The scalar eqns from dt dt
a = dv a = dv
only apply to a 1 and 2
2
known path, and gives dt dt
accel is along 3 a ds = vdv
the path only. 3 a ds = v dv
Circular Path
Arbitrary Path
x
+s
v
0 +x
r
Straight Line Path
Particle Straight Line (Rectilinear) Motion
-16 -12 -8 -4 0 4 8 12 16
x, s, v, a
Typical Rectilinear Motion Coordinate System
a
Particle Straight Line (Rectilinear) Motion
Key feature of straight line motion: Acceleration is always
collinear with the velocity.
What if accel is NOT collinear with the velocity? You would
have curvilinear motion (to be covered next week).
a = an
v
1 a = dv v = v0 + at Memorize
dt these!
2 v = ds s = s0 + v0t + 12 at2 Use only for
dt
a = const !
3 a ds = v dv v2 = v0
2
+ 2a(s - s0)