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Physical Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Application Layer
LAN
WAN
LAN
LAN
LAN
LAN
WAN
Ring Mesh
Physical Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Application Layer
Host A Host B
Data
Application Layer Application Layer
Segment
Transport Layer Transport Layer
Packet
Network Layer Network Layer
Frame
Data Link Layer Data Link Layer
Bit
Physical Layer Physical Layer
Host A Host B
Physical Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Application Layer
Application Application
Presentation Presentation
Session Session
Transport Transport
Network
HUB
Network
Physical Physical
Physical Physical
1 2 3 4 5
IN
OU
OU OU
OU
T T T T
LAN
LAN LAN
Hub
LAN LAN
Physical Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Application Layer
I want to
A Exchange I receive it. B
say Hello r And Hi A!
to B PORT2
PORT1
Frame
DA: MAC-B SA: MAC-A Hello
Tail
Frame
DA: MAC-A SA: MAC-B Hi
Tail
Application Application
Presentation Presentation
Session Session
Network Network
A C
POR
POR
T1 T2
LAN switch D
B
Typical Application
MAC Address Port
Notice:
MAC A 1
CAM (content addressable MAC B 1
memory )can not be established MAC C 2
by learning under multicast, but MAC D 2
set up by IGMP Snooping .
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 26
Forwarding Based on the Destination MAC
MAC Address
Port
MACA 1
MACB 1
MACC
2
MACD MACA ......
MACD
2
Port 1
MACD MACA
......
Port 2
Learning
Flooding
Filtering
Forwarding
Aging
Half-Duplex Full-Duplex
10M
√ √
100M
√ √
1000M
× √
10G
× √
Transmit rate
mode mode
Transmit rate
10M Half-duplex
10M Half-duplex
LAN LAN
collision domain
collision domain
……
……
Broadcast domain3
Broadcast domain1 VLAN 30
VLAN 10
Broadcast domain2
VLAN 20
Engineering Department
LAN Switch
VLAN Table
Port 1 Port 10
Port 2 Port 7 Port VLAN
Port 1 VLAN5
Port 2 VLAN10
Port 3 VLAN5
Port 4 VLAN10
LAN Switch
VLAN Table
Port 1 Port 10
Port 2 Port 7
MAC VLAN
MAC A VLAN5
MAC B VLAN10
MAC C VLAN5
MAC D VLAN10
LAN Switch
TCI
Trunk-Link
SWA SWB
Access-Link
VLAN 2 VLAN 3
Ethernet frame with tag
Ethernet frame
without tag
Ethernet frame with tag
VLAN 3 VLAN 2
VLAN 4
VLAN 5
Trunk Link
Broadcast
Physical Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Application Layer
Application Layer
Transport Layer
ICMP
Network Layer IP
ARP/RARP
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Source IP address
Destination IP address
...
10.0.0.0 ~10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 ~172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 ~192.168.255.255
A 1.0.0.0 ~126.255.255.255
0 Network 7bit Host 24bit
B 128.0.0.0 ~191.255.255.255
10 Network Host 16bit
14bit
C 192.0.0.0 ~223.255.255.255
110 Network Host 8bit The appearance
21bit
of mask weaken
D 224.0.0.0 ~239.255.255.255
the classification
11 1 0 Multicast address
of IP address
E 240.0.0.0 ~255.255.255.255
1 1 11 0 Reserved
IP:10.0.0.1/24 IP:10.0.0.2/24
MAC:00-E0-FC-00-00-11 ARP Request MAC:00-E0-FC-00-00-12
Your IP address
What is my IP
Host without disks RARP Server is 10.0.0.1
address?
RARP Reply
A B
Is B reachable? I’m here.
Physical Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Application Layer
Application Layer
Network Layer
Physical Layer
0 8 16 24 31
Source port (16 bits) Destination port (16 bits)
Sequence number (32 bits)
Acknowledgement number (32 bits)
URG
ACK
SYN
PSH
RST
FIN
Header LengthReserved(6 bits) Window size (16 bits)
Options
Data
53
80 20/21 23 25 69 161
TCP UDP
IP Packet
Host A Host B
Physical Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Application Layer
Net 1 Net 2
10.0.10.0/24 Router A Router B 10.0.20.0/24