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CHAPTER 6:

DATABASE

6.1 Introduction to Database

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6.1 Introduction to Database

LEARNING OUTCOME:
At the end of this topic, students should
be able to:

1. Define database and Database Management


System.

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What exactly is a Database ???
Do you know any examples ??

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Databases

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Data VS Information

Data is a collection of unprocessed (raw)


items, which can include text, numbers,
images, audio, and video.

Information is processed data that


conveys meaning to users.

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Data VS Information
~ examples ~

1207 the year when the


city of Liverpool was
born
H2 SO4 chemical symbol of a
molecule of Sulfuric
acid
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Definition of Database

Collection of data organized in


a manner that allows
access, retrieval, and
use of the data.

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File Processing System

 File processing system is the system


used to store and manage data in which
each department or area within an
organization has its own set of files.

• Attendance system
• Outing system
• S3P system

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Database System

 Database system is structured collection


of related data, facts about people, events,
things or idea related to a specific topic or
purposes.

MIS
• Attendance system
• Outing system
• S3P system

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File Processing VS Database

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File Processing VS Database

File Processing Database


• Each department has • Users share data in
its own set of data files. databases.
- Limited data sharing
• Redundant data • Reduce data
(duplicated data) redundancy
• Lack of data integrity • Improve data integrity
• Poor data access • Easier data access

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Database System
- Examples -

 Education – MIS(Matrix Information


System), OPAC(Online Public Access
Catalog)
 Finance – CTOS, CCRIS(Central Credit
Reference Information System)
 Travel – Trivago, Agoda
 Health Care – Patient Database, CMS
(Clinic Management System)
 Government – HRMIS, UPU, BR1M
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Database System
- Usage -

 Education – registration, grading


system, library system
 Finance – loan, savings, investment
 Travel – hotel reservation, booking tickets
 Health Care - database system for
Patients
 Government – employee records,
salaries
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Examples of database systems:

Purchases from the supermarket:


 The checkout person scans a barcode of each

of the goods.
 An application program which uses the

barcodes to find the prices in a database.


 The program reduces the number of such

goods in stock.
 If the stock low the program places an order for

that good.

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Definition of DBMS

Database Management System (DBMS)


is a software that allows you to create,
access and manage a database.

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Components
of DBMS

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Components of DBMS
We can identify five (5) major component in DBMS
environment :

1. Hardware – The computer systems that the


database systems runs on.

2. Software – The DBMS software and the


database application including
operating system and network
software.
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Components of DBMS
3. Data – operational data and metadata (data
about data; known as data dictionary).

4. Procedures – The instruction and rules that


govern the design and use of database. (e.g., how
to log on, how to back-up).

5. People – Includes database designers,


Database Analysts, Database Administrators,
application programmers, end-users.

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Database Manufacturer Computer Type

Access Microsoft Corporation Personal computer, server, mobile


devices
Adabas Software AG Server, mainframe

D3 Raining Data Personal computer, server

DB2 IBM Corporation Personal computer, server, mainframe

Essbase Oracle Corporation Personal computer, server, mobile


devices
FastObjects Versant Corporation Personal computer, server

FileMaker FileMaker, Inc Personal computer, server

GemFire GemStone Systems Server

Base OpenOffice.org Personal computer


Advantages of DBMS
1) Warehouse of Information
- large amount of data can be stored
2) Controlling data redundancy
- the information in it appears just once
3) Program and file consistency
- file formats and system programs are standardized.
4) Accuracy
- The data is accurate
5) User-friendly
- Data is easier to access and manipulate
6) Improved security
- Only an authorized user can access system. 20
Disadvantages of DBMS
1) Cost
- Can be expensive and time consuming

2) Security
- Even with safeguards in place, it may be possible
for some unauthorized users to access the
database.

3) Complexity in simplifying database


- Difficult to simplify a very complex database

4) Require specific programming skills


- High expertise in programming is needed to 21

generate a complex database


6.1 Introduction to Database

LEARNING OUTCOME:
At the end of this topic, students should
be able to:

2. Describe advantages and disadvantages


of database.

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Advantages of Database
1) Reduced Data Redundancy
- Most data items are stored in only one
file, which greatly reduces duplicate data.

2) Improved Data Integrity


- When users modify data in the
database, they make changes to one file
instead of multiple files.

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Advantages of Database

3) Shared Data
- The data in a database
environment belongs to and is
shared, usually over a network.

4) Easier Access
- The database approach allows
nontechnical users to access and
maintain data.
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Advantages of Database

5) Reduced Development Time


- It often is easier and faster to develop
programs that use the database
approach.

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Disadvantages of
Database
1) Database systems are complex,
difficult, and time consuming to
design.
2) Substantial hardware and
software start-up cost.
3) Damage to database affects
virtually all applications
program.
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Disadvantages of
Database
4) Extensive conversion costs in
moving from a file-based
system to a database system.

5) Initial training required for all


programmers and users

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Web Databases

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Database Administrator

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6.1 Introduction to Database

SUMMARY:

1. Definition of database
and DBMS

2. Advantages and
disadvantages
of database.
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