What are Stacks

The first Data Structure that we learn is called a stack .

push

pop

Operations:
• Push: Put a new plate on top ox the stack of plates.
• Pop: Take out a plate from the stack of plates.

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 What are Stacks

In computer science, we use stacks to store values.

S
x tack of push
27
Integers
x 27 5 5
10 x0 10
1 1 1
23 23 x3

Stack ofx
Integers pop
2
45 45 2 45
63 63 63
4 4 4
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 What are Stacks

In computer science, we use stacks to store values.

Stack
x of push
's'
x
characters s
'p' 's' 'p' 'p'
'p' 'p' 'p'
'm' 'm' 'm'
‘b' 'b' 'b'

Stack of
characters pop
o
'z'
‘e' 'e' 'x' 'e'
'd' 'x' 'x'
'a' 'a' 'a'
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 What are Stacks

In computer science, we use stacks to store values.

Stack ofo push
7.8
floats
0.6 7.8 0.6 0.6
4.2 4.3 4.3
1.1 1.1 1.1
0.8 0.8 2.8

Stack of
floats pop
0.1
2.4 2.4 0.1 2.4
0.7 0.4 0.7
0.5 0.5 0.5
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 What are Stacks

In computer science, we use stacks to store values.

s
Stack of p
xush
shapes

Stackkof
shapes pop

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Stack Operations

The push operation puts a new value on the top of a stack

push

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Stack Operations

The pop operation takes x value from the top ox a stack.

pop

This value is re-

turned by pop .
Usually ‘ pop ’ is seen as a function, which returns the valu
originally stored at the top of the stack.

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Stack Operations

A stack is a Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) structure.

p
xush pop
5
4 5 4 4 4 5 4
3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1

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Stack Terminologies

top
xstack
depth = 4

bottom

a stack
element an empty
stack

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Defining a Stack ADT

We see that STACK is an Abstract Data Type.

isEmpty

pop
p
xush

…
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Sample Application: Matching Parentheses
- Stack is a very useful data structure specially in the construction of
compiler for programming languages.
- Note that a compiler checks whether the symbols that you use in your
programs like {} match.
- We will now try to create a simple function that accepts an expression
containing parentheses and will return true if the parentheses in the
expression match, otherwise will return false;
- the function will use a stack as follows:
* the string is processed one character at a time.
* If a '(' is encountered, a Character object is created representing
'(' and is pushed on the stack.
* If a ')' brace is encountered, the stack is popped. If the stack is
empty, the operation is terminated meaning that there is no
corresponding '('.
* At the end of the processing, the stack should also be empty.
 *
Defining the Type stackADT

void push(int element);

int pop();

int stackDepth();

boolean isEmpty();

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Notes

This defines an API that describes the stack ADT.

void push(int element);

push

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 public int pop();
pop

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int stackDepth();
This returns the depth of a stack.

boolean isEmpty();
This tells whether a stack is empty.

void clear()
makes the stack an empty stack

int top()
returns the top item of the stack

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