DATA MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY WORKSHOP

Performance Indicators
Definition and Formula

May 2018 1
 What is an indicator?

• A tool used to evaluate the performance of

the education system

• A tool used to report the status of the

education system to the community, to the
whole country and to the global community
 What are the functions of an indicator?

• Measures how far or how close one is from an

objective
• Identifies problematic or unacceptable
situations
• Meets policy concerns
• Compares its value to a reference value, to a
standard or to itself
Sustainable Development Goals

Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and

equitable quality education and
promote lifelong learning
opportunities for all
 Gross Enrolment Rate (GER)
• Indicates the capacity of the school system to
prepare children to the different levels of
education system: Kindergarten, Grades 1-6,
Grades 7-10 & Grades 11-12
• The total enrolment for a particular education
level, regardless of age, expressed as a
percentage of the eligible official school-age
population of that particular education level in
a given school-year
 Gross Enrolment Rate (GER)
• If the rate approaches 100% or surpassing
100%, the ratio indicates that the school system
is able to accommodate all children in the
official age-group.
• The GER can also be used together with the
NER to measure the extent of over-aged and
under-aged enrolment.
• High percentage indicates high degree of
access to a level of education.
• Should cover both public and private schools
Gross Enrolment Rate (GER)
 Net Enrolment Rate (NER)

• Provides a more precise measurement of the

extent of participation in a particular level of
education of children belonging to the official
primary school age.
• The enrolment in a particular education level
of the official school age-group expressed as a
percentage of the corresponding population.
 Net Enrolment Rate (NER)
• Maximum value is 100%.
• High rate denotes high degree of participation
in a level of education of the school age-group.
• If below 100%, the percentage difference
should not be considered as the proportion of
children not enrolled.
• The age-specific enrolment ratio is a more
precise complementary indicator, i.e, the level
of participation in education of the population
at each particular age.
Net Enrolment Rate (NER)
 Apparent/Gross Intake Rate (GIR)

• Reflects the general level of access to

elementary education
• Indicates the capacity of the education system
to provide access to Kindergarten for the
official school-entrance age population
• High percentage indicates high degree of
access to elementary education
• Includes over-aged and under-aged pupils in
new entrants to Kindergarten.
Apparent/Gross Intake Rate (GIR)
 Net Intake Rate (NIR)
• Includes only those new entrants to Kindergarten
pupils who are of official school-entrance age
• More precise measurement of access to
elementary education of the eligible, elementary
school-entrance age population than does the
AIR
• High rate means high degree of access to
elementary education for the official school-
entrance age.
• Should not exceed 100%
Net Intake Rate (NIR)
 Internal Efficiency Indicators

• Promotion Rate
• Repetition Rate
• School Leaver Rate (Dropout Rate)
• Survival Rate to Grade 6/12 (CSR)
• Years Input per Graduate
• Coefficient of Efficiency
Template for Internal Efficiency
 Promotion/Graduation Rate

• The Promotion Rate assesses the extent of

pupils/students who are promoted to the next
grade level.
• The grade 6/12 promotion rate is the graduation
rate for the elementary/secondary level.
Promotion/Graduation Rate
 Repetition Rate

• Determines the magnitude of

pupils/students who repeat a grade
level.
• A high repetition rate implies high
wastage
Repetition Rate
 School Leaver Rate

• Also known as dropout rate.

• It covers both pupils/students who do not finish a
particular grade level as well as those who finish
but fail to enroll in the next grade level the
following school year.
School Leaver Rate
 Survival Rate to Grade 6/12

• The Cohort Survival Rate (CSR) computes the

percentage of a cohort of pupils/students who
are able to reach Grade 6/12.
• Used to assess the internal efficiency and
“wastage” in education.
• Two methods in deriving the CSR: the old and the
reconstructed cohort method
Survival Rate to Grade 6/12
 Survival Rate to Grade 6/12

• The Department adopted the reconstructed

cohort method, which requires the following
data:
– Enrolment for 2 consecutive SYs (Current & Previous)
– Repeaters in the Current SY
– Graduates in the Previous SY
 Years input per graduate

• Measures the actual duration of

pupil/student-years required to produce a
graduate, where one pupil/student-year is equal to
one school year spent in a grade by a pupil/student.
Ideally, the duration of the elementary and
secondary cycles is both 6 years.
• Indicator higher than the ideal implies high
repetition and dropout rates.
 Coefficient of efficiency

• High percentage indicates high overall level of

internal efficiency and little wastage due to
repetition and dropout.
• Early dropout, i.e. in the lower grades, reduces
internal efficiency.
 Other Indicators

• Simple Dropout Rate

• Transition Rate
• Retention Rate
• Pupil-Teacher Ratio
• Pupil-Classroom Ratio
• Pupil-Seat Ratio
• Inter-Quartile Ratio
• Gender Parity Index
 Simple Dropout Rate

• Calculates the percentage of

pupils/students who do not finish
a particular grade level.
• Does not capture pupils/students
who finish a grade level but do not
enroll in the next grade level the
following school year.
Simple Dropout Rate
 Transition Rate
• Assesses the extent by which pupils are able to
move to the next higher level of education (i.e.
primary to intermediate and elementary to
secondary).
• Indicates the degree of access to the next higher
level, measuring the upward mobility in the
educational hierarchy
• High transition rates indicate high access or
transition from one level of education to the
next.
Transition Rate
 Retention Rate

• Determines the degree of

pupils/students in a particular school
year who continue to be in school in
the succeeding year.
Retention Rate
 Pupil-Teacher Ratio
• Average number of pupils/students per
teacher at a specific level of education in a
given school-year.
• A high teacher pupil-ratio suggests that each
teacher has to be responsible for a large
number of pupils.
• A low number of pupils per teacher indicate
pupils will have a better chance of contact
with the teachers and hence a better
teaching-learning process.
Pupil-Teacher Ratio
 Pupil-Classroom Ratio
• Refers to the average number of learners per
classroom in the elementary or secondary
education in a given school-year.
Pupil-Classroom Ratio
 Pupil-Seat Ratio
• The average number of learners per seat
(armchair/desk) in the elementary or secondary
education in a given school-year
Pupil-Seat Ratio
 Inter-Quartile Ratio (IQR)
• A more precise quantitative measure of disparities in
the distribution of the available teachers which can be
calculated at various levels.
• Use to monitor the status and progress of the
distribution of teachers in public elementary and
secondary schools.
• Measures the proportion of a limited resource (in this
case, teachers) available to the most-favored quartile
of a recipient group (in this case, students) compared
to the proportion available to the least-favored
quartile.
Inter-Quartile Ratio (IQR)

Sample Interpretation of IQR

 Gender Parity Index (GPI)

• Calculated as the ratio of the selected indicator

value for girls divided by the indicator value for
boys.
• A value of less than one indicates a difference in
favor of boys; a value above one indicates a
difference in favor of girls.
• A value close to 1 (one) indicates gender parity.
For gender parity to GPI should be in the range of
0.97and 1.03.
Gender Parity Index (GPI)
 School Level Indicators

• Repetition rate
• Simple dropout rate
• Promotion/Graduation rate
• Ratios (PTR, PCR, PSR)
• GPIs

Note: The rest of the indicators are computable

at division, region and national levels only.
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
 Comparison of GER & NER
Kindergarten

120%

102.7% 104.3%
99.5% 99.1%
100%
93.4%

79.3%
80% 79.4% 77.0% 75.9%
73.8% 74.1% 78.7%

63.0%
60%
57.2%

40%

20%

0%
SY 2010 SY 2011 SY 2012 SY 2013 SY 2014 SY 2015 SY 2016

GER-Kinder NER-Kinder
 Comparison of GER & NER
Elementary (Grades 1-6)

140.00%

120.00%
114.93% 113.51%
111.20% 109.29%
107.47% 106.31%
105.38%
102.14% 102.03%
100.00% 99.61%
97.10% 95.13% 93.80% 92.57%
89.89% 91.05%
87.89% 86.86%
84.93% 85.11%
80.00%

60.00%

40.00%

20.00%

0.00%
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

GER Nationa l NER Nationa l

 Comparison of CSR & CompR
Elementary (Grades 1-6)

100.00%
94.18%
87.52% 92.69%
85.08%
78.97% 83.74% 84.02%
80.00%
75.26% 75.39% 74.38% 74.23% 73.82% 74.24%
77.67%
73.06% 73.28% 72.18% 72.11% 72.66%
71.01%

60.00%

40.00%

20.00%

0.00%
2007 2008 2009 2010CSR Nationa 2011
l CompR Nationa
2012 l 2013 2014 2015 2016
 Comparison of GER & NER
Junior High School

100.00%

85.41% 84.81% 84.29% 84.07%

82.54% 83.67%
81.53% 81.78%
80.00% 80.88% 80.61%

68.15%
64.20% 64.24% 64.90% 65.07%
63.23%
60.00% 59.88% 60.46% 59.89% 61.26%

40.00%

20.00%

0.00%
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

GER Nationa l NER Nationa l

 Comparison of CSR & CompR
Junior High School

86.00%

84.60%
84.00%

82.39%
82.00%
81.56%
80.73%
80.00% 79.91%
79.73%
79.43% 79.30%
78.88%
78.44%
78.00% 78.05%
77.77%

76.00% 76.25%
75.37% 75.24% 75.06%
74.40% 74.64%
74.00% 74.03%
73.55%

72.00%

70.00%

68.00%
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

CSR National CompR Nationa l

 Average School Leavers Rate
Elementary (Grades 1-6) & Junior High School

9.00%

8.00% 7.95%
7.79% 7.79%
7.58%
7.45% 7.45%
7.00% 6.90% 6.90%
6.62%
6.28% 6.29% 6.36% 6.24%
6.00% 5.99% 6.02%
5.61%

5.00%
4.85%

4.00%

3.26%
3.00%
2.69%

2.00%

1.43%
1.00%

0.00%
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

El em Sec
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
PROPOSED
 New/Proposed Indicators
• For Secondary Schools
– JHS & SHS (GER&NER, CSR&CompR, etc)
• By key stages
– K, G1-3, G4-6, JHS, SHS
• Adjusted Net Enrolment Rate
• GER & NER
– Nominal & Real
KPIS
WORKSHOP MECHANICS
 Workshop Mechanics
 Each region will be given sets of data and
templates for the Performance Indicators.
 Using the formula presented, compute for the
following Performance indicators:
• GER-NER (Kindergarten, Elementary & Secondary)
• Internal Efficiency Indicators (CSR, Completion
Rate, School Leaver Rate)
 Make a simple analysis.
 Outputs will be presented and will be
collected by the Facilitators.
That’s all folks! 

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