EMPHASIS AND COHERENCE

PRESENTATION BY
MAHALINGAM.S
Introduction
 What’s writing?
 In speech, the speaker can easily achieve emphasis through their
body languages, by giving little pause or they can raise or lower
their voice to mean importance, violence, sad, happiness etc...
 Good speaker will use all these to gain people attentions, the same
can be achieved in writing too by paragraph unity, emphasis,
coherence, cohesion etc...
Effective writing
 Write in scenes, rather than telling.
 Make a character sympathetic.
 Make a character unsympathetic.
 Don’t hold back.
 Recognize that word choice can greatly affect readers
emotions.
 Surprise with twist.
 Put your character under time constrains.
 Avoid unrelated details.
Syntax editing
 Syntax editing is for improving the quality of text
See whether the meaning of the sentence is correct
Does the sentence contains repetition?
How the paragraph ends?
Does the writing create an effects?
Emphasis
 Emphasis is the repetition of keywords and phrases or the careful
arrangements of words to give them special weight and
prominence.
Example : Why you’re so late?
Why you’re so late?
Ways to achieve emphasis
 Opening with keywords.
Example: The writer E.M.Forster begins the paragraph with the
word ‘curiosity’ identifying his topic at once.
“Curiosity is one of the lowest human faculties”.
 Postponing the major point at the end of the sentence.
 Putting strong stuffs at the beginning and the end.
Ways to achieve emphasis
 Emphasis in independent clause:
The most emphatic sentences are written through independent
clause and less emphatic sentences are written through dependent
clause. This creates illusion.
Example: Instead of writing, He was strolling along the deck when
a wave washed him overboard.
He writes, while he was strolling along the deck, a wave
washed him overboard.
Ways to achieve emphasis
 Repetition
Examples: Nory was a catholic because her mother was a
catholic, and Nory’s mother was a catholic because her father
was a catholic, and her father was a catholic because his
mother was a catholic or had been.
I felt happy because I saw the others were happy and
because I knew I should feel happy, but I wasn’t really happy.
Other ways to improve emphasis
 Climatic arrangement.
 Chronological order.
 Development of important ideas through supplying plenty in
detail.
 Allotment of more space to most important ideas.
 By contrasting the text.
 By selection of relevant content and omit the irrelevant material.
7 forms of emphasis in writing
 All-caps.
 Boldface/Asterisks.
 Italics/Underscore.
 Different font sizes.
 Quotation marks.
 Small caps.
 Underlining are replaced by supplanted the text.
Coherence
 Coherence in writing is the logical bridge between words,
sentence and paragraphs.
 Cohesion is the stylistic way a text is linked together, think of it as
a glue.
Ways to achieve coherence
 The continuity can be achieved by connecting words with the help
of words like also, indeed, although, in fact, and, but etc...
Normally, pronouns are used to connect words.
 By providing clear topic or main sentences.
 By contrasting important items.
 Parallelism.
 Repetition
Example: The most important part of an essay is the thesis
statement. The thesis statement introduces the argument of
the essay. The thesis statement also helps to create a structure
for the essay.
 Transitional devices.
Coherence between paragraph
 Topic sentence Supporting Concluding sentence

 Paragraphs or sentences can be connected with Therefore,

However,Yet, Thus, First, Later,Then.
 Point of views
Example: If someone wants to improve themselves, you
should set a list of attainable goals to make that
improvement.
Thank you