HAZARDS IN OIL &

GAS OPERATIONS
 KEGIATAN SEKTOR MIGAS

Kontraktor
SHIPPING EKSPOR

DEVIS
Arm A
EXPLORASI &
PENGEMBANGAN
PRODUKSI

PIPELINE

DOWN STREAM

REFINERY
SPBU
EKSPOR

DEP
O
TRANSPORTASI
INDUSTRI
Flow Lines

 D Small
 L Short
 Multiphase, WOG&S
 No Protection
 No Treatment
 Cut & Replace
 No serious risk on production
 No serious risk on contract sales
 Wellhead (in-site) Safety Standard
Product Lines (Pipeline)
 D Large
 L Long – Very Long
 Single-phase, W/O/G
 Protected – Internal/External
 Treated – Upstream/Downstream
 Preventive Maintenance
 Serious risk on production
 Serious risk on contract sales
 Serious risk to public & share
 Serious risk to environment
 O/G Transportation Safety Standard
O/G Main Hazards

 Fire
 Explosion
 Poisoning

DISASTERS !
 SUMBER
GAS 4
PERMINTAAN PASAR

Konsumen 1

Kon sumen 2

Konsumen 3 Pipa Transmisi

Konsumen 4

Pipa Distribusi
SUMBER
GAS 2

SUMBER Pipa Transmisi

GAS 1
Pipa Distribusi

PERMINTAAN PASAR

SUMBER Konsumen 1
GAS 3
Konsumen 2

Konsumen 3

Konsumen 4
 Pressure > 16 Bar
GAS
SOURCES

4 Bar < Pressure < 4Bar INDUSTRY GAS /STEAM

POWER PLANT

INDUSTRY INDUSTRY GAS NVG’s FILLING STATION

POWER PLANT

10 mBar < Pressure < 4Bar

APARTMENT INDUSTRY NVG’s FILLING STATION

COMMERCIAL

Pressure <30 mBar

LEGEND : RESIDENTIAL
= METER REGULATOR / STATION (MR/S)

= METERING STATION (M/S))

= SISTEM TEKNAN TRANMISI (P > 16 Bar) RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL

= SISTEM DISTRIBUSI TEKANAN TINGGI

( 4 BAR < 16 BAR )
= SISTEM DISTRIBUSI TEKANAN MENENGAH
( 30 MBAR < 4 BAR )
= SISTEM DISTRIBUSI TEKANAN RENDAH
(P< 30 MBAR )
DISASTERS

 Where does it begin ?

 PENILAIAN KELAS RISIKO

… Penilaian kelas risiko ditentukan dengan mengkombinasikan

tingkat “kemungkinan”dan “dampak”-nya dalam sebuah tabel
matrik resiko …

TINGKATAN DAMPAK

Fatal Berat Sedang Ringan

Sering A A A B

TINGKAT Mungkin A B C D
KEMUNGKINAN
Jarang B B C D

Langka C C D D
PENJELASAN KELAS RISIKO

KELAS RISIKO KATEGORISASI

A Risiko yang tidak dapat ditolerir

B Risiko yang tidak diharapkan

C Risiko yang dapat ditolerir

D Risiko yang dapat diabaikan

So..
 Make a good design
 Handle with care

 Good materials
 Good construction
 Good protection
 Good monitoring
 Good maintenance

INSPECTION AND
MAINTENANCE
Where to start ..

 API American Petroleum Institute

 ANSI American National Standard
Institution
 ASME American Society of Mechanical
Engineers

and Derivatives
The Platform is ..

 API 5L
 API RP 14E

 ANSI B. 31.X
Other than that ?

OK. It can be used too...