SWE428-eGovernance

Topic: e-Government and e-Governance

G Jagadeesh
Asst. Professor(SG),
School of Information Technology & Engineering
Cabin: SJT G24G
Email: gjagadeesh@vit.ac.in
 e-Government
• Short for electronic government, also
known as e-gov, digital government, online
government, or connected government.
• Essentially, it is a digital interaction
between
− Government and citizens (G2C)
− Government and businesses/e-Commerce (G2B)
− Between government agencies (G2G)
− Government and employees (G2E)
 e-Government
• Digital interaction consists of
– governance,
– information and communication technology
(ICT),
– business process reengineering (BPR), and
– e-citizen at all levels of government (city,
state, national, and international).
 What is e-Governance?
• E-Governance is defined by UNESCO as
“the public sector’s use of information and
communication technologies (ICT) with the
aim of improving information and service
delivery, encouraging citizen participation in
the decision –making process and making
government more accountable, transparent
and effective.”
 What is e-Governance?
• e-Gov. involves new styles of leadership, new ways of
debating and deciding policy and investment, new
ways of accessing education, new ways of listening to
citizens and new ways of organizing and delivering
information and services. ”
• The UN identifies five stages of e-Gov. evolution:
– Emerging,
– Enhanced,
– Interactive,
– Transactional,
– Connected
 Why e-Governance?
• Governments across the globe strive to improve their
efficiency and effectiveness to the public and
stakeholders
• E-governance is at its nascent stage in India with
strong potential for growth in the future.
• The Information and Communications Technology
(ICT) industry is expected to be the major industry
that stands to benefit.
• Government spending on ICT is rapidly increasing
which opens newer opportunities for the players in
the ICT space.
 Why e-Governance?
• Government spending on ICT also provides growth
prospects to various industries which are likely to
benefit from the e-governance plan.
• The ongoing projects and the ones in the
implementation stage are also set to offer greater
exposure to the players in this space.
• Rise in demand for services and information by
consumers across the nation has fostered the need
for fast and smooth transfer of knowledge.
• According to a survey, Indian eGovernance is
expected to be more than $10 billion
 Critical Analysis of e-Gov. India
• High Risk – High Returns projects !
• Limited Human Resources in e-Governance
• Project Management -Difficulties abound
– Delayed, limited functionality, budget over-runs
• Financial Sustainabilty - Rarely achieved ?
• Grassroots consultation
– Top down approach rarely works !
• IT Policy & Law
 Critical Analysis of e-Gov. India
• Standardization / Policy Framework
– Standalone efforts, Islands !
• Sector level Solutions !
• Local language / Locally relevant content
– English content, illiteracy, target audience ?
• Reinventing the Wheel !
– Duplicate efforts - wasted cost, time and funds
• Wiring India – last mile solutions
– Need for low cost connectivity ?
 e-Gov. in India– Lessons learnt
1. Need for a Holistic Approach
Elected Representatives
• Need for a Holistic Approach –
the ‘ Big Picture ’.
• Support at the Highest levels

Treasury , Finance + Rev.s

Edu.+ Health + Welfare

Service delivery arms
•Need for Policies, Standards &

A dm inistration
Public utilities
Legal Framework for e- Gov.

Judiciary
• Partnerships – Private sector,
Academics & NGOs.
Customer

Citizen
Representative forums
• ‘Inclusive Approach’ - Social , Business

Gender, Language etc

 e-Gov. in India– Lessons learnt
2. Need to Develop HR Capability

• Need for a CIOs in every

Department
Government department Head

• Need for more aware CIO

Bureaucracy & Political

Officers & Staff
Leadership
• Continued Training
• Change Management
 e-Gov. in India– Lessons learnt
3. Need to Develop Organizations

• Need to develop appropriate

organizational structures in National

states and centre State

• Building Ownership and
District
‘Buy-in’ at all levels
Block
• Need to accept Change and
Flexibility – to address Village
changing requirements
 e-Gov. in India– Lessons learnt
4. Need to Develop Support Framework

• Policies, Standards &

Technical Framework for
e- Government
•Coordinated approach –
Communication
Infrastructure, Data
Centres, Security Systems,
R&D support etc.
 e-Gov. in India– Lessons learnt
5. Focus on Sustainability

Target Outcomes =
Cost Savings + Revenues + Efficiencies
Project Cost + Operations Cost + Risks

• Coordinated long term view – ‘ Focus on Outcomes’

• Develop innovative Financial & Business Models - PPP

• Monitoring & Evaluation - for Target Outcomes !

 e-Gov. in India– Lessons learnt
6. Focus on Project Management
Project Management
Project Management - Challenges
FIN. MGT
PHY. PROGRESS LEGAL
OBJECTIVES

DISBURSEMENT SAFEGUARDS

STAFFING
M&E

PROCUREMENT
CNTRY RISK RISK MGT FUNDS FLOW
 e-Gov. in India– Lessons learnt
7. Need for a ‘Big Push’

Transformation Performance

Improved Effectiveness (70% of benefits)

Performance

Project
Improved Efficiency (30% of benefits)
Costs

Baseline Performance

Stage I Stage II Stage III

TIMELINE Development Go Live Second Wave