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Education
• A religion continued by
Mohammed was born in Arabia,
came to exist six hundred years
after the birth of Jesus Christ.
This came to be known as Islam
among the Arabs. Roman and
Greek writers called the
wandering Arabs as Saracens.
Saracenic Education
• Calvinism is a
system of Christian
theology and an
approach to
Christian life and
thought within the
Protestant tradition
articulated by John
Calvin, a Protestant
Reformer in the
16th century.
Calvinism
•Herbart (1776-1841)
studied under Pestalozzi,
organized the educational
psychology…preparation,
presentation, association,
generalization, application
18th-19th Centuries: Child
Centered Education
–Friedrich Wilhelm August
Froebel (1782-1852) –
known as the father of the
kindergarten (Garden of
Children) and advocated the use
of play or games in the school
program.
Froebel (1782-1852)
•Froebel (1782-1852),
kindergarten, social
development, cultivation of
creativity, learning by
doing…women best suited
to teach young children
Modern Education
19th-20th Centuries:
Democratization of Education
Democratization of education
stood out among the manifold
aims of education during this
period. The following were the
best known educators:
19th-20th Centuries:
Democratization of Education
– John Henry Newman (1801-
1890) – advance a new concept
of a university in his book, “The
idea of a University,”
that a university should
offer universal knowledge.
19th-20th Centuries:
Democratization of Education
–Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) –
attempted to compile all knowledge in
his “Synthetic Philosophy.” He and
Darwin popularized the evolution
theory. He authored the ethical
concept, “survival of the fittest,” before
Darwin. He defined education as
“preparation for complete living.”
Spencer: “Survival of the fittest”
19th-20th Centuries:
Democratization of Education
Pedro Poveda (1878-1936) –
modified the past Christian
education with his own Christian
Humanism which commits
Christianity to the upliftment of
the poor and marginalized
people. He also pioneered on
the establishment
of Teacher Formation Centers.
19th-20th Centuries:
Democratization of Education
– Maria Montessori (1869-1952) – an Italian
doctor of medicine who turned to education of the
handicapped and underprivileged youth; later, she
introduced a new pedagogy for young children
which has
three main features:
freedom (independence) and
individuality,
prepared environment,
and specific goals for each
child.
19th-20th Centuries:
Democratization of Education
–Paolo Freire – a Brazilian who
criticized contemporary education as
the education of the oppressed. He
wrote “The Pedagogy of the
Oppressed” in 1968. He described
conventional education as the banking
concept of education responsible for
the culture of silence among the
masses.
Paulo Freire