Android Application Development

Before Getting Started

Dr.Roopa R
Mobile and Smartphone Applications
Mobile Phones

A mobile phone (also called mobile, cellular telephone, cell phone,

or hand phone is an electronic device used to make
1. Calls across a wide geographic area.
2. Send Text SMS
3. Can see call records
4. Can capture image
5. Can run music
6. Can browse web etc.
To learn about mobile phones in details:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone

You’ll get detailed history about how this

technology evolved over the years
Mobile and Smartphone Applications
Mobile Phone Applications: Some Examples
Category: Utility Tools
Personal Finance Calculator

Another example can be: Daily Planner Application

Possible Features:
1. Task List
2. Reminder
3. Appointment etc.
Mobile and Smartphone Applications
Mobile Phone Applications: Some Examples
Category: Utility Tools
Personal Finance Calculator

Another example can be: Daily Planner Application

Possible Features:
1. Task List
2. Reminder
3. Appointment etc.
Mobile and Smartphone Applications
Mobile Phone Applications: Development

1. Different Mobile phone vendor companies use different platforms

for developing applications for their own platform.
2. We’ll discuss about a open “Legacy” platform as an example which
is J2ME

Java Platform, Micro Edition, or Java ME:

1. It is a Java platform designed for embedded systems (mobile
Devices are one kind of such systems) .
2. Target devices range from industrial controls to mobile phones
with Java (KVM support).
Formerly known as Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME).
For details:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Platform,_Micro_Edition

Nokia, Samsung, Sony Ericsson and many other vendors supports J2ME for
applications and games development
Mobile and Smartphone Applications
Mobile Phone Applications: Development With J2ME
Limitations
1. Memory Issues
1. Vendor Specific Implementation
2. Insufficient Memory
3. Inefficient Memory Management
2. Device Compatibility Issues
3. Not enough Access to Core System of the Phone
4. Vendor Specific Implementation of KVM

That is why…
We see sites like this:
Mobile and Smartphone Applications
Smart Phones
1. A smartphone is a mobile phone that
offers more advanced computing
ability, Features and connectivity
than a contemporary mobile phones.
2. Smartphones may be thought of as
handheld computers integrated with a
mobile telephone.
3. They also provide their own Operating
System with Application Development
Framework

To learn about smart phones in details:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone

You’ll get detailed history about how this

technology evolved over the years
Mobile and Smartphone Applications
Smart Phones Platforms

Android iPhone BlackBerry Palm Pre

Mobile and Smartphone Applications
Tablet Platforms

Android: Galaxy Tab Apple: iPad

 The Smartphone Platform
• With the iPhone being the first to the
marketplace it sets the configuration of the
Smartphone Platform
– 3G/4G connectivity
– WiFi connectivity
– Bluetooth connectivity
– accelerometer w/compass
– ambient light sensor
– proximity sensor
– GPS
– gyroscope
 What are other Mobile platforms or Mobile Operating Systems?

Popular Mobile Operating Systems

Android OS (Google Inc.)
Bada (Samsung Electronics)
BlackBerry OS (Research In Motion)
iPhone OS / iOS (Apple)
MeeGo OS (Nokia and Intel)
Palm OS (Garnet OS)
Windows Mobile (Windows Phone 7)
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 Smartphone Market OS share

Android most popular framework in the world.

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 Ok……Let us get started with “Mobile
Application Development” Course
• Questionnaire::
• What is the difference between Mobile
Application (or App) and Website (or Web
App) ?
 Difference between Mobile Application (or App) and Website (or
Web App) ?

A mobile application must be downloaded either from
an online store such as the app store or Google play. The
application is then saved on the smartphone or the
tablet, and in most cases it does not require an internet
connection in order to work.
A mobile website is accessed through an internet
browser, by typing in the website's URL in the navigation
bar. his means that no download is needed. However
an internet connection is required in order to gain
access.

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 Android Overview
• A software stack for mobile devices
• Developed and managed by Open Handset
Alliance
• Open-Sourced under Apache License

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 What is Android
• Android is an open source operating system,
created by Google specifically for use on
mobile devices (cell phones and tablets)
• Linux based (2.6 kernel)
• Can be programmed in C/C++ but most app
development is done in Java (Java access to C
Libraries via JNI (Java Native Interface))
• Supports Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and 3G and 4G
networking
 What is iOS
• Apple’s mobile OS for phones (iPhone), tablets
(iPad), handhelds (iPod),
• based on BSD Unix
• Application programming done in Objective C
• Supports Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and 3G and 4G
networking
 Bluetooth
• Open wireless technology
– Developed by Ericsson (1994)
– Originally supposed to replace wired RS-232
– Short distance via low power, short distance radio
– Allows creation of personal area networks
• Mostly to connect wireless peripheral devices to a host
computer (mice, headsets, microphones, keyboards…)
– Can also be used to communicate between two
host computers wirelessly (replace serial cables)
 Wi-Fi
• Used to brand certified products that belong to a
class of wireless local area network based on IEEE
Standard 802.11
• Currently there are 3 versions of 802.11 in
common use:
– B, about 150 feet indoors, 300 ft outdoors
– G, 54 Mbits about 150 feet indoors, 300 ft outdoors
– N, 600 Mbits, about 1.5 miles in open air, uses MIMO
(multiple input and output antennas)
 3G ( 3rd Generation Network)
• Must allow simultaneous use of speech and
data servicesand provide peak data rate of
200 kbits/sec
 4G
• Provides a comprehensive and secure IP based
solution for IP based telephony, ultra
broadband internet, gaming services and
streamed multimedia.
• Peak data rate of 100 Mbit for high mobility
devices and 1 Gbit for low mobility devices.
 Commonly Used Packages
• User interface controls and widgets
• User interface layout
• Secure networking and web browsing
• Structured storage and relational databases
(SQLite RDBMS)
• 2D and 3D Graphics SGL and OpenGL
• Audio and visual media support
• Access to optional hardware (GPS)
 Android Devices

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Android Features

Features
1. Application framework
2. Dalvik virtual machine
3. Integrated browser
4. Optimized graphics
5. SQLite
6. Media support
7. GSM Telephony
8. Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi
9. Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer
10.Rich development environment