ZIKAVIRUS DISEASE:

Knowledge and Attitude

of Pregnant Women in Iloilo City

Andrea Yvone S. Hiponia,

Christela Claire G. Jover,
Grant Hill P. Macabales,
Emmi Jane M. Ngitngit,
Blanche Therese P. Ricamonte,
Ryan Michael F. Oducado
West Visayas State University, College of Nursing
La Paz, Iloilo City, Philippines
rmoducado@wvsu.edu.ph
 NO treatment
or vaccine is
Transmitted by
available
Aedes mosquito

Severe manifestation:
Microcephaly in babies and
Guillain-Barre in adults

Women are more at

risk SYMPTOMS:
Mild fever
Skin rash
Conjunctivitis
18 from the National Capital 12 of the 19 cases come
Region from Western Visayas

3 from Calabarzon 11 from Iloilo City and 1 case

from Oton, Iloilo

1 from Central Visayas

38 (67%) FEMALES 19 (33%) MALES

In the Philippines, a total of 57 Zika cases were reported in the country. With the age
ranging from 7-59 years old. No mortality cases were reported.
 ZVD Studies
ZIKA VIRUS Conducted Abroad

Mouchtouri
et al., 2017 Gupta et al., 2016

VIRUS

Shartzer et al., 2016 Harapan et al., 2017

Ibrahim et al., 2017

 Community
ZIKA VIRUS Interventions
ZIKA VIRUS Sources of Information
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
ANTECEDENT VARIABLES INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE
Sociodemographic
Characteristics

Age Knowledge Level

Attitude towards
Educational Attainment on ZVD
ZVD
Civil Status
Monthly Family Income
Descriptive Correlational, one-shot survey
utilizing convenience sampling.

102
 ZIKA VIRUS
Jaro II Health Center 6/8

Jaro I Health Center 7/15 La Paz Health Center 8/10

La Paz Maternal
Health Center 27/50
Mandurriao Health Center 3/3
Lapuz Health Center 11/15
Arevalo Health Center 18/20

Tanza Health Center 9/10

Sto. Rosario Health Center 6/10

Molo Health Center 7/11
 Distribution of the Participants According to Socio-demographic Characteristics
ENTIRE GROUP 102 100 %

18-25 60 58.8 %
AGE
26-35 33 32.4%

36+ 9 8.8%

CIVIL STATUS Married 46 45.1%

Single/ Cohabitating 56 54.9%

Separated

EDUCATIONAL Elementary 5 4.9%

level/graduate
ATTAINMENT
High school 53 52.0%
level/graduate

Technical 44 43.1%
Vocational/ College
level/graduate
MONTHLY FAMILY High Income 51 50%
INCOME
Low Income 51 50%
Median Income = Php 5,800
 Existing Literature +
1 Pre Interview RESEARCH
Content and Face
INSTRUMENT
2 Validation
Four (4) Jurors

3 Translation
Forward and Back
Pearson’s
Translation
Correlation
Coefficient
4 Pilot-testing
Knowledge = .709

5 Reliability Attitude = .744

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE:
Permission from the CHO and
MHO of each health center
1

Data were gathered During scheduled

in the months of
August and
2 3 pre-natal check-ups
September 2017

Explanation of objectives, secured

4 5 Answering of the
questionnaire
informed consents and distribution
of questionnaire
ZIKA VIRUS Statistical Tools

Frequency

Percentage Alpha Level of Kruskall-Wallis

Mann-Whitney U-Test
Significance= 0.05 Spearman Correlation

Mean
Standard Deviation
Rank
 33.3%
33.3% 9.8%
9.8%

93.1%
Sources of Information 9.8%
8.8%

1%
8.8%8.8%

1%
6.9%
8.8%

1% 3.9%
1% 2.9% 2.9%
ZIKA VIRUS Related Studies

Harapan
Gupta etetal,al,2016
2017
 LEVEL OF Proportion according to Level of Knowledge
KNOWLEDGE about ZVD among Pregnant Women in Iloilo City

5%
HIGH

AVERAGE 36%

LOW 60%

0 20 40 60 80 100
Mean = 7.5
PERCENTAGE
 Low Level of Knowledge
ZIKA VIRUS were identified among:

Dental Doctors Medical Students Pregnant Women of

Practitioners
Harapan et al, Ibrahim et al, Women Reproductive Age
2017 2017 Mouchtouri et al, Shartzer et al,
Gupta et al,
2017 2016
2016
 ZIKA VIRUS

Water that remains in an open container for

1 several days is the main source of mosquitoes 91. 2%
that causes Zika Virus Disease.

Window screens and bed nets can prevent

2 mosquitoes from biting a person.
87.3 %

Fever and red eyes are common

3 symptoms of Zika Virus Disease. 74.5 %
 ZIKA VIRUS
Zika Virus Disease is not exactly the same as
4 dengue fever.
63.7%

5 Muscle pain is a symptom of Zika Virus Disease. 55.9%

Zika Virus Disease can be prevented by cleaning

6.5 the environment. 54.9%

6.5 Stomach pain is a symptom of Zika Virus Disease. 54.9%

7 Not only females can acquire Zika Virus Disease. 53.9%

 ZIKA VIRUS
Mosquito carrying Zika Virus Disease not only bites at
8 night. 43.1%
A person can not get Zika Virus Disease through
9 skin to skin contact. 39.2%
Talking face to face with a client infected with Zika
10 Virus Disease can not transmit the said disease. 38.2%
Zika Virus Disease can not be transmitted through
11 saliva or sweat.
31.4%
Zika virus disease can be transmitted from one to
12 another through sexual contact.
24.5%
 ZIKA VIRUS
Severe complication of Zika Virus Disease
18.6%
13 could not cause macrocephaly big head to
babies.

Vomiting of blood is not a sign of Zika Virus 8.8%

14 Disease.

Convulsions is not a complication of Zika 5.9%

15 Virus Disease.

There is no immunization for Zika Virus

16 4.9%
Disease.
 Significant Differences
ZIKA VIRUS Knowledge
Category Kruskall-Wallis Mann-Whitney U-test 2-tail Sig

Age 3.34 .188

18-26
27-35
36 and above
Educational Attainment 1.62 .444
Elementary level/ graduate
Highschool level/graduate
Technical Vocational/ college level/graduate
Civil Status 1203.0 .565
Married
Single/ Cohabitating/ Separated
Monthly Family Income 1207.5 .531
Low Income
High Income
 Proportion according to Level of Attitude
ATTITUDE about ZVD among Pregnant Women in Iloilo City

Favorable 94.1%

Unfavorable 5.9%
0 20 40 60 80 100
Mean = 11.5 PERCENTAGE
 Low Level of Knowledge
ZIKA VIRUS were identified among:

Doctors Respondents
Harapan et al., Khan et al.,
2017 2016
 Ranks of Favorable
ZIKA VIRUS Attitude Items
I think that attending seminars about Zika Virus Disease can help me learn about
1 the disease.
96.1%
I think that sharing information about preventive measures of Zika Virus Disease can
2 help the community to be aware of the disease.
95.1%
3 I believe I can prevent the abnormality in the size of the head of my baby if I 93.1%
protect myself from Zika Virus Disease.

4 I believe protecting myself from Zika Virus Disease is my responsibility. 92.2%

I am worried to Zika Virus Disease because it is a serious disease.
5 85.3%
It is not a complete waste of time if I clear an open container filled with watering
6 my surroundings.
84.3%
7 I consider Zika Virus Disease as an incurable disease.
83.3%
I feel that Zika Virus Disease could cause serious problems for my baby.
8 78.4%
9 I think cleaning the environment is not uneasy for a pregnant woman to do.
76.5%
 Ranks of Favorable
ZIKA VIRUS Attitude Items
I think that I can prevent myself from mosquito bites by
10 wearing long sleeves and pants.
70.6%
11 I think it is not time consuming to keep my surroundings clean 67.6%
from sources of mosquito breeding sites.
12 I think that if I am infected with Zika Virus Disease it may cause 61.8%
delayed developmental growth to my baby.

13 I do not find it challenging to keep my environment clean 58.8%

and free from mosquito breeding sites.

14 I think that Zika Virus Disease is a not normal occurrence 55.9%

among pregnant women.

15 I think I am at risk of getting Zika Virus Disease. 53.9%

 Significant Differences
ZIKA VIRUS Attitude
Category Kruskall-Wallis Mann-Whitney U-test 2-tail Sig

Age 1.24 .537

18-26
27-35
36 and above
Educational Attainment 5.20 .074
Elementary level/ graduate
Highschool level/graduate
Technical Vocational/ college level/graduate
Civil Status 1.247.0 .780
Married
Single/ Cohabitating/ Separated
Monthly Family Income 1099.5 .173
Low Income
High Income
 Relationship
ZIKA VIRUS Knowledge and Attitude

Spearman Rho Correlation Value = .251 Sig.= .011

Significant Positive Weak

Relationship
ZIKA VIRUS Conclusions
TRI-MEDIA KNOWLEDGE GAPS

Television Radio Cause and No current

transmission reported cases

POSITIVE PERCEPTION AND KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITTUDE POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP

FAVORABLE BELIEFS DOES NOT VARY

Knowledge
Attitude
ZVD and Dengue share
Personal Characteristics Knowledge influences
the same vector
attitude
 ZIKA VIRUS Recommendations

MULTI-SECTORAL MORE ACTIVE PUBLIC HEALTH HEALTH EDUCATION

APPROACH ROLES INTERVENTION EXTENSION
AMONG HEALTH PROGRAMS PROGRAMS
PROFESSIONALS
 ZIKA VIRUS References
Ibrahim,N.K., Moshref, R.H., Moshref, L.H., Walid, J.B., & Alsati, H.S., (2017). Knowledge and attitudes towards Zika
virus among medical students in King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health. doi:
10.1016/j.jiph.2017.02.015

Mouchtouri,V.A., Papagiannis,D.,Katsioulis,A.,Rachiotis, G., Dafopoulos,K., & Hadjichristodoulou,C. (2017).

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices about the prevention of mosquito bites and zika virus disease in pregnant
women in Greece. International Journal of Research and Public Health, 14 (4), 367. doi:10.3390/ijerph14040367

Gupta,N., Randhawa, R.K., Thakar, S., Bansal, M., Gupta, P., & Arora, V. (2016). Knowledge regarding zika virus
infection among dental practitioners of Tricity Area (Chandigarh, Panchkula and Mohali), India. Nigerian
Postgraduate Medical Journal, 23(1) , 33-37. Retrieved from: http://www.npmj.org/text.asp?2016/23/1/33/180179

Harapan, H., Aletta, A., Anwar, S., Setiawan, A.M., Maulana, R., Wahyuniati, N., Ramadana, M.R., Haryanto, S.,
Rodriguez-Morales, A.J., & Jamil, K.F. (2017). Healthcare workers' knowledge towards Zika virus infection in
Indonesia: A survey in Aceh. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 10 (2), 189-194.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.01.018

Shartzer, A., Johnston, E., Courtot, B., & Kenney, G.M. (2016). Women of reproductive age lack Knowledge of zika
virus transmission and effects. Retrieved fromhttp://corp.healthcharities.org/zika-resources/urban-institute-study-
zika-virus.pdf
ZIKAVIRUS DISEASE:
Knowledge and Attitude
of Pregnant Women in Iloilo City

Thank you!