Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Prof.Sudesh Mukhopadhyay
Independent Consultant
Former Head, Dept. of Inclusive
education, NUEPA, New Delhi
Sudeshm_2000@yahoo.co.in
0989906827 1
Disability, Natural Disasters and Emergency
A Need to be Inclusive & Responsive
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Disability in Emergencies and Conflicts –
‘Reaching the most vulnerable’
Chair: Ann-Marit Sæbønes, Special Advisor to the UN Special
Rapporteur on Disability , Oslo, 31 May 2011
Chair’s Summary-1 (Extracts)
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Chair’s Summary-2 (Extracts)
•All work to strengthen the protection and participation of women in
emergencies and humanitarian crises must include women with
disabilities in order to be effective and reach all. This requires that
gender analysis, which is a natural part of assessments, addresses
the different needs, interests and challenges of women/girls and
men/boys with disabilities;
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Chair’s Summary-3 (Extracts)
18. The physical environment, including camp security, location
and layout, the venues providing humanitarian assistance, the
provision of goods and services, and the information provided must
be designed, built and implemented in accordance with the principle
of universal design;
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Please Remember
Persons with disability are also affected by:
• Socio- economic conditions
• All may not be educated
• Rural- urban and geographical locations do
impact their accessibility
• They are the most vulnerable people due to
multiple disadvantages
• They too have a voice and can participate
It is their right to lead a life of dignity; hence
we have an obligation to be responsive 8
Understanding Disabilities
• A disability is defined as a physical or mental
impairment that substantially limits or restricts
the condition, manner, or duration under which
an average person in the population can perform
a major life activity, such as walking, seeing,
hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, working,
or taking care of oneself.
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Mobility Impairment
• A condition limiting physical ability; generally
considered to include lack of a limb or loss of
limb use due to disease, amputation, paralysis,
injury, or developmental condition; or limitation
of movement due to cardiovascular or other
disease.
• Please note that although visual or hearing
impairments and cognitive disabilities can
hamper ease of travel, people with sensory or
cognitive impairments are not termed people
with mobility impairments 10
Tips For Persons Who Use Wheelchairs
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Tips For Persons With Psychological
Disabilities
• Preparedness kit should include at least 3 days
worth of needed medication.
• When developing plan, consider strategies to
reduce stress of the emergency by
– Identifying areas of rescue that have two-way
communications devices.
– Making sure directional signage for exits and
designated area of refuge in your planned
evacuation route is adequate enough to assist
you.
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Tips For Persons With Developmental
Disabilities
• When you plan for an evacuation,
– Review general building evacuation guidelines and ask
questions if you do not understand something.
– Request evacuation and emergency information in
alternate formats if needed.
• Make sure that your evacuation routes have signage that is
easy to follow.
• Ask someone to guide you during an evacuation if you feel
you need help.
• Practice your evacuation route(s) regularly, such as every 2
weeks.
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Tips For Persons With Medical Conditions
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Multiple Disabilities-2
May be characterized by the following -
• Limited use of functional communication skills;
• Dependence on others for most or all daily living
activities;
• Minimal social interaction skills and possible
maladaptive behaviors exhibited;
• Pronounced delays in motor development; and/or
• E. Fragile medical conditions.
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Red Cross Guidelines Disaster Preparedness for Persons with
Disabilities
http://www.redcross.org/services/disaster/beprepared/disability.pdf
1. Make an emergency information list. Include—
• Medical and emergency contact information.
• Emergency out-of-town contacts.
• Names and numbers of everyone in your network.
• Name and number of a relative or friend who lives more than 100 miles away from
you.
• If you have a communication disability, make sure your emergency information
list notes the best way to communicate with you.
2. Fill out a medical information list. Include information about—
• Medical providers.
• Medications you use.
• Adaptive equipment and/or body system support equipment you use.
• Allergies and sensitivities.
• Communication or cognitive difficulties.
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Red Cross Guidelines Disaster Preparedness for Persons with
Disabilities-2
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Red Cross Guidelines Disaster Preparedness for Persons with
Disabilities-4
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Exemplars of Disaster
Management
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Common Natural Disasters in
Flood Prone areas
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Vulnerabilities of community & persons
with disabilities
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Vulnerabilities of community
& persons with disabilities
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Socio-economic conditions
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Physical environment
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Information and
communication:
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Many of the worst affected areas are cut off, complicating relief
efforts.
Roads are blocked, power and phone lines down.
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Photo Source: http://concernbd.blogspot.com/2007/08/relief-distribution-on-august-2007-in.html
CDD and Disaster Risk Reduction- An
Exemplar of NGO Work
• Initially CDD( Bangladesh) mainly worked on
emergency relief,
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Continued …..
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Areas of Project Intervention
Community
Mobilization and Capacity
Baseline,
Awareness Building
Capacity & Risk
Assessment
(CRA)
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Major actions
• Feasibility
• Stakeholder and beneficiary linkages
• Formation of Ward Disaster Management
Committees
• Task Forces on Early warning sign, Search, rescue
and evacuation, First aid, Damage assessment and
Water and sanitation
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Continued …..
• Awareness Raising
(Mock drill, Street theatre, Poster, Bill
board, Road side stand board, court-
yard meetings)
It contributed towards a
disability friendly
environment.
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Continued …..
• Small scale mitigation:
– Disability friendly and accessible for persons with
disabilities
• Flood shelter – Shelter management committee formed with
persons with disabilities. Special attention to persons with
disabilities, women, children and old age people.
• Houses, tube-wells and toilets for persons with disabilities
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• Houses, tube-wells and toilets
made accessible for persons
with disabilities
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Continued …..
• Accessible Early warning, rescue and
evacuation:
– Flag pole, color pillars for water level, and
announcements by ,
– Community people and persons with
disabilities trained to understand and
disseminate early warning
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Volunteers identified to inform and rescue persons
with disabilities
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Accessible Rescue Boat constructed for evacuation
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Continued …..
• Disaster risk considered livelihood
Livelihood training and asset transfer to persons with
disabilities, allowing them to be engaged throughout the
year.
51
This has increased respect of persons with disabilities within
family and community..
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Continued …..
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Continued …..
• Advocacy & linkages
– Local level (Union council, Sub-district council) and National level
– Persons with disabilities from community participated and shared
their life experiences and raised their voice for demand inclusion of
disability issues into all phases of disaster management
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Continued …..
55
Good practices and
lessons learnt
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Ward disaster management committees &
task forces
• There were no disaster management committee at ward
(community) level
• It is formed by community participation
• Each committee comprised with 25 members where at least
30% are women and 10% member are persons with
disability
• Each committee has five task forces i.e. Early warning sign;
Search, rescue and evacuation; First aid; Damage assessment
and Water and sanitation. Persons with disabilities are
members.
• They identified their vulnerabilities and capacities. Based on
that they made their contingency plan.
• They take initiative if there is any disaster in the community.
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Continued …..
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Local govt. support
• Union council committed to allocate fund for continuation of
DiDRR work in the community
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Community Support
• People from the community gave soil and land to raise the
plinth of two flood shelters.
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Participation of persons with disabilities
• Persons with disabilities are members of different
committees.
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Challenges
• At the beginning it was difficult to convince local community
why DiDRR is required and how it can benefit all members of
the community.
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Continued …..
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Concerns to Be Noted for Development
Assistance Program
• Bridging the gab between
Rich Top Levels
Poor Grassroots
Available in
Expensive Vertical
urban areas.
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