By:

EMPELAB

Proponents:
Emir A. Porcil
Jayson T. Versales
Gian Paolo A. Villacarlos
OUTLINE
 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
OBJECTIVES
DEFINITION OF TERMS
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
RELATED STUDIES
METHODOLOGY
ACTIVITIES
CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Sources of Water
Main source of water supply based on the Philippines:
 Surface Water:
• Most used water source
• Consist of stream, river, lake, reservoir, or ocean
• 1,830 sq. km which covers 61% of the country’s total
land area
• Contributes approximate 86 percent of the total water
resource potential
Main source of water supply based on the Philippines:
 Ground Water:
• Usually a rain, lake, and river water that seeps into
the ground
• Form of an underground reservoir or stream
• Has an extensive groundwater reservoir with an
aggregate area of about 50,000 sq km
• Contributes approximate 14 percent of the total
water resource potential
Water Distribution System
 The process of bringing water to consumers.
 An allocation of water
Ensure an efficient water supply
Provide access to safe water

Methods of Water Distribution systems

 Gravity system
 Pumping system
 Dual system
Methods of Water Distribution systems
 Gravity system
Methods of Water Distribution systems
 Pumping System
Methods of Water Distribution systems
 Combination or Dual System
Typical Residential water systems
• For most single-family homes, a minimum flow of 6 GPM is
suggested from a well or spring.
• Provides 360 gallons of water each hour, which would be
sufficient to meet most home water peak demands.
• Maximum recommended pressure for a residence is 80 psi
• Normal water pressure average is around 40 to 80 psi
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Household water system:
• Lack of water supply due to drought or repairs from
the main supply pipe line
• May experience intermittent supply due to low
pressure or heavy usage
OBJECTIVES
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
To create a control system that will boost
water flow for a two storey residence and at
the same time that will direct water flow to
and from a water reservoir
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
To create a system that will automatically control a
water pump based on the water flow
To create a monitoring system that can display the
water level of the tank and flow rate information
To design a Bluetooth-based wireless system that
will relay flow rate information from different
location in the residence
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
 Introduces a water system that is wirelessly
monitored
 Automatically directs water flow to all
water terminals in a house when the main
source has a shortage of supply
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Parts of water distribution system:
 Riser
A water supply pipe that extends one full storey to
convey water to branches
 Fixture Branch
The water supply pipe between the fixture supply
pipe and the distributing pipe
 Fixture Supply
The water supply pipe between the fixture supply
pipe and the distributing pipe
Parts of water distribution system:
 Service pipe
The pipe from the main supply to the water
distribution system

 Distribution pipe/supply pipe

A pipe within the structure which conveys water to
the point of utilization
Parts of water distribution system:
DISTRIBUTION PIPE/ SUPPLY PIPE

RISER

FIXTURE SUPPLY

FIXTURE BRANCH

SERVICE PIPE
 Hydraulics
Engineering science pertaining to liquid pressure
and flow
 Head
Height of a column or body of fluid above a
given point expressed in linear units

 Volumetric Flow Rate

Volume of fluid that is passing through a
given cross sectional area per unit time
 Wireless sensor network (WSN)

- Monitor physical or
environmental conditions
- Cooperatively pass data
through the network to
a main location
 Microcontroller
- a small computer on a single
integrated circuit containing a
processor core, memory, and
programmable input/output
peripherals
 Water Tank
- a storage space
for fluids
 Plumbing Fixtures
- an exchangeable device which
can be connected to a plumbing
system to deliver and drain water
 Valve
- a device that regulates,
directs or controls the flow of
a fluid by opening, closing, or
partially obstructing various
passageways
 Pipe
- a pipe or tube, frequently
made of plastic or metal, that
carries pressurized and treate
d fresh water to a building, as
well as inside the building
THEORITICAL BACKGROUND
 Ardiuno
- is an open-source project that
created microcontroller-based kits
for building digital devices and
interactive objects that can sense
and control physical devices
 COMMON ARDUINO BOARDS
• Arduino Nano
- a small, complete, and breadboard-
friendly board based on
the ATmega328 or ATmega168
- has more or less the same functionality
of the Arduino Duemilanove, but in a
different package
• Arduino Uno
- a microcontroller board based on
the ATmega328
- It has 14 digital input/output pins (of
which 6 can be used as PWM
outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz
crystal oscillator, a USB connection,
a power jack, an ICSP header, and a
reset button
• Arduino Mega
- A microcontroller board based on
the ATmega1280
- Has 54 digital input/output pins (of which 14 can
be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs,
4 UARTs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator
• Arduino Leonardo
- a microcontroller board based on
the ATmega32u4
- It has 20 digital input/output pins (of
which 7 can be used as PWM
outputs and 12 as analog inputs), a
16 MHz crystal oscillator, a micro USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header, and a reset button
• Arduino Diecemilia
- a microcontroller board based on
the ATmega168
- Has 14 digital input/output pins (of
which 6 can be used as PWM
outputs), 6 analog inputs, a
16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header, and a reset button
• Ardiuno IDE
- an Arduino software
environment, a set of C /
C++ language
Water Pump
• moves fluids or sometimes slurries, by
mechanical action
• consumes energy to perform
mechanical work by moving the fluid
General Categories of Water Pump Types:
 Centrifugal Pumps
 Positive Displacement Pumps
 Centrifugal Pump
- uses a rotating impeller to
move water into the pump
and pressurize the discharge
flow
- works great with thin
liquids and high flow
rates
  Positive Displacement
Pump
- displace a known quantity of
liquid with each revolution of the
pumping elements.
- produces the same flow at a
given speed (RPM) no
matter the discharge pressure
Two main classes of Positive
Displacement Pump:
 Reciprocating
 Rotary
 Reciprocating pumps
- the most elementary positive displacement
pump (e.g. piston or diaphragm pumps)
- often used where a relatively small quantity
of liquid is to be handled and where
delivery pressure is quite large
 Rotary pumps
- applies rotary motion that carries the liquid from
the pump inlet to the pump outlet
- rotary gear pump is a positive displacement
pump where the enmeshing of the gears
produces a partial vacuum to draw the liquid
into the pump.
Advantage: they naturally remove air from the lines
Bluetooth
- is a wireless technology standard for
exchanging data over short distances using
short-wavelength UHF radio waves from fixed
and mobile devices, and building personal
area networks
Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)
• The IEEE 802.15.1 standard that is used in a
Bluetooth wireless radio system
• It is design for short-range and cheap
devices
Two connectivity topologies in
Bluetooth
 Piconet
 Scatternet
  Piconet
- Basic unit of networking in
Bluetooth
- Consisting of a master and
from one to seven active
slave devices
 Scatternet
- Bluetooth network consisting
of one or more piconets also
it allows many devices to
share the same network
area and efficient use of the
bandwidth
BLUETOOTH VERSIONS
 BLUETOOTH V1.2  BLUETOOTH V2.0
- faster connection and - Enhanced Data Rate(EDR)
discovery for faster data transfer
- Data transmission speed - Nominal EDR is about 3 Mbit/s
up to 721 kbit/s
BLUETOOTH VERSIONS
 BLUETOOTH V2.1  BLUETOOTH V3.0
- Uses secure simple pairing - Provides theoretical data
(SSP) to improve a better transfer speeds of up to 24
pairing experience Mbit/s
 Bluetooth Bee
- Easy to use Bluetooth SPP Three different modes:
(Serial Port Profile) module • Master
compatible with existing • Slave
Xbee sockets, designed for
• Loopback

transparent wireless serial

connection setup
 HC-05 module
- is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP module,
designed for transparent wireless serial
connection setup. Serial port Bluetooth
module is fully qualified Bluetooth
V2.0+EDR 3Mbps Modulation with
complete 2.4GHz radio transceiver
and baseband.
 HC-06 module
- This Bluetooth module can easily achieve serial
wireless data transmission. Its operating
frequency is among the most
popular 2.4GHz ISM frequency
band. This module is set with serial
interface, which is easy to use and
simplifies the overall design/
development cycle.
Optocoupler/Opto-isolator
- A passive optical component that
can combine or split transmission data
(optical power)
- Designed to transfer electrical signals
by using light waves in order to
provide coupling with electrical
isolation between its input and output
Optocoupler/Opto-isolator
Solid-State Switching Device
• An electronic devices are made up of solid components
that do not move
• An electronic device in which electricity flows through
solid semiconductor crystals
(silicon, gallium arsenide, germanium) rather than through
vacuum tubes
• They act as a switch without any mechanical movement.
Different Types of Solid-State Device
 Power Diode
 Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET)
 Bipolar-Junction Transistor (BJT)
 Insulated-Gated Bipolar-Junction Transistor (IGBT)
 Thyristors
 Power Diode
• A power diode has a P-I-N structure as
compared to the signal diode having a
P-N structure
• I (in P-I-N) stands for intrinsic
semiconductor layer to bear the high-
level reverse voltage as compared to
the signal diode
 Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET)
• Type of Field Effect Transistor available
whose Gate input is electrically insulated
from the main current carrying channel
• A voltage controlled field effect transistor
 Bipolar-Junction Transistor
(BJT)
• The fusion of these two diodes
produces a three layer, two junction,
three terminal device
• It has a two states enables it to have
two basic functions: “switching”
(digital electronics) or “amplification”
(analogue electronics)
 Insulated-Gated Bipolar-
Junction Transistor (IGBT)
• A device that is a cross between a
conventional Bipolar Junction Transistor,
(BJT) and a Field Effect Transistor (FET)
• It has the high input impedance and high
switching speeds
• Is capable of handling large collector-
emitter currents with virtually zero gate
current drive
Thyristors
• A normally four layer three-terminal
device.
• Four layers are formed by
alternating n-type and p-type
semiconductor device
• It is also called a Silicon Controlled
Rectifier
• Generally it is used for switching
high powered devices such as
motors, electrical bulb, etc.
Fluid Flow Sensor
• A device used to measure the rate of a fluid
movement at a given point in the pipe or tube
• Usually secured to a break in the pipe
• Fluid is allowed to move through it
 Types of Common Fluid Flow Sensor

 Paddle Wheel
• Uses the mechanical
energy of the fluid to
rotate a paddlewheel in
the flow stream and
converts it to pulses
 Types of Common Fluid Flow Sensor

 Oval Gear
• It has an oval-shaped gears with
synchronized close fitting teeth
• A fixed quantity of fluid passes
through the meter for each
revolution
 Types of Common Fluid Flow Sensor

 Electromagnetic Field
• Operates on Faraday’s law of
electromagnetic induction
that states that a voltage will
be induced when a
conductor moves through a
magnetic field
 Types of Common Fluid Flow Sensor

 Ultrasonic
• Is a type of flow meter
that measures the velocity
of a fluid with ultrasound
to calculate volume flow,
using ultrasonic transducer
Types of Measuring Principle a Paddle
Wheel Fluid Flow Sensor
 Hall-effect

 Coil
 Optical
 Single Paddle
Actuating Valve
• the mechanism for opening and closing a valve.
• Uses gas pressure, hydraulic pressure or electricity,
allow a valve to be adjusted remotely, or allow
rapid operation of valves.
Types of Actuating Valve
 Manual actuators
• A manual actuator employs
levers, gears, or wheels to move
the valve stem.
Types of Actuating Valve
 Pneumatic actuators
• Air pressure is the power source
for pneumatic valve actuators
• They are used on linear or
quarter-turn valves.
Types of Actuating Valve
 Hydraulic actuators
• These actuators convert fluid
pressure into motion
• They are used on linear or
quarter-turn valves
Types of Actuating Valve
 Electric actuators
• Uses an electric motor to
provide torque to operate a
valve
• They are quiet, non-toxic and
energy efficient
Types of Actuating Valve
 Spring actuators
• Spring-based actuators hold
back a spring
• Once any anomaly is detected,
or power is lost, the spring is
released
Float Switch
• A type of liquid level sensor that is
purely electromechanical that
use to monitor the liquid level in a
tank or a container
• Purpose of a float switch is to
open or close a circuit as the level
of a liquid rises or falls
Float Switch
Level Sensor
• detects the level of liquids and other fluids and
fluidized solids,
including slurries, granular materials,
and powders that exhibit an upper free surface.
Types of level sensors
 Ultrasonic level sensors
- are used for non-contact level sensing, it is widely
used in water treatment applications for pump
control and open channel flow measurement. The
sensors emit high frequency (20 kHz to 200 kHz)
acoustic waves that are reflected back to and
detected by the emitting transducer.
 Optical sensors
- are used for point level sensing of sediments,
liquids with suspended solids, and liquid-liquid
interfaces. These sensors sense the decrease or
change in transmission of infrared light emitted
from an infrared diode (LED).
 Capacitance level sensors
- excel in sensing the presence of a wide variety of
solids, aqueous and organic liquids, and slurries.
The technique is frequently referred to as RF for the
radio frequency signals applied to the
capacitance circuit.
 Microwave sensors
- ideal for use in moist, vaporous, and dusty
environments as well as in applications in which
temperatures and pressures vary. Microwaves, will
penetrate temperature and vapor layers that may
cause problems for other techniques, such as
ultrasonic.
RELATED STUDIES
 Remotely Controlled System
 Non-remotely Controlled System
  Remotely Controlled System
• P. V. Oosterwijck,
“Remotely controlled water treatment system and a method
of remotely controlling a water treatment system,” Application
US 20120078722 A1, Mar 2012.
• An Hua Fang, “Agricultural water pumping remote automatic
control system” Application CN 103777650 A,May 2014.
• A. D. Jha, R. Mehmi, P. Naylor, “Remote monitoring, control,
and automatic analysis of water systems using internet-based
software and databases” Application
WO 2013116036 A1, Aug. 2013.
Common Features:
Internet-based
PC/Handheld devices
Wireless Network Interface
Advantages:
Portable devices
Can control devices more comfortably
Disadvantages:
Materials are expensive
  Non-remotely Controlled System
• Zhū An Shēng, “Wireless water quality multi-parameter
monitoring system,” Application CN 103969414 A, Aug 2014
• Liú Zhèn, Wáng Zhǎng Bǎo and Liú Dōng Méi,
“Marine water pump control device with wireless sensing
function, and control method and adjustment method
thereof,” Application CN 102102661 B, Aug. 2013
• Lǚ Sōng and Mǎ Guó Yuán,
“Intelligent water pump wireless controller,” Application CN
204003398 U, Dec. 2014
Common Features:
Wireless Transmission
Water quality sensors
Control Module/Unit
Advantages:
Devices are within walking distance
Better security
Inexpensive materials
Disadvantages:
Limited distance in controlling devices (10-30m)
METHODOLOGY
Block Diagram
ARDUINO PRO MINI (5 volt model)
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
ARDUINO PRO MINI (5 volt model):
•Microcontroller: ATmega328
•Board Power Supply: 5 - 12 V (5V model)
•Circuit Operating Voltage: 5V
• Digital I/O Pins: 14
•PWM Pins: 6
•Analog Input Pins: 6
•External Interrupts: 2
•DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA
•Flash Memory: 32KB of which 2 KB used by bootloader
•Clock Speed: 16 MHz
ARDUINO MEGA 2560
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
ARDUINO MEGA 2560:
•Microcontroller: ATmega2560
•Board Power Supply: 7 - 12 V (5V model)
•Circuit Operating Voltage: 5V
• Digital I/O Pins: 52
•PWM Pins: 15
•Analog Input Pins: 16
•External Interrupts: 2
•DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA
•Flash Memory: 256 KB of which 8 KB used by bootloader
•Clock Speed: 16 MHz
HC-05 Bluetooth module
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
HC-05 Bluetooth module:
•Voltage Supply: 5 V
•Current Supply: 50 mA
•Range: 10 m
•Frequency: 2.4 GHz ISM Band
•Protocol: BT Specs + EDR
•Wields Transceiver Capacity
SOLENOID VALVE 12VDC
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
SOLENOID VALVE 12VDC:
•Actuating Voltage: 12 V
•Current draw: 320 mA
•1/2" Nominal NPS
•Working Pressure: 0.02 Mpa - 0.8 Mpa
•Working Temperature: 1 ℃ - 75 ℃
•Response time (open): 0.15 sec
•Response time (close): 0.3 sec
•Actuating life: 50 million cycles
•Weight: 4.3 oz
•Dimensions: 3.3" x 1.69" x 2.24"
TRIAC
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
TRIAC:
•Manufacture Part Number: BT136-600D
•Package Type: TO-220AB
•Max. Gate Triggering Current: 10 mA
•Max. Gate Triggering Voltage: 1.5 V
•Max. Operating Temperature: -40 ℃ to +125 ℃
•Max. Holding Current: 10 mA
•Repetitive Peak Reverse and Forward Block Voltage: 600 V
•Rated Average On-State Current: 4 A
•Peak On-State Voltage: 1.7 V
•Dimensions: 10.3 mm x 4.7 mm x 9.4 mm
MOSFET
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
MOSFET:
•Manufacture Part Number: IRL520
•Package Type: TO-220AB
•Drain-Source Voltage: 100 V
•Gate-Source Voltage: ±10 V
•Max. Operating Temperature: -55 ℃ to +175 ℃
•Max. Power Dissipation: 60 W at Tc = 25 ℃
•Drain-Source On-State Resistance: 0.27 Ω at Tc = 25 ℃
•Continuous Drain Current: 9.2 A at Vgs = 5 V at Tc = 25 ℃
•Total Gate Charge: 12 nC
PERIPHERAL PUMP
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
PERIPHERAL PUMP:
• Type: DXM 50
• Power output: 1/2 HP
• Voltage Supply: 220 V
• Working current: 3 A
• Frequency: 60 Hz
• Rotary Speed: 3450 RPM
• Single Phase AC Motor
OPTOCOUPLER/OPTOISOLATOR
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
OPTOCOUPLER/OPTOISOLATOR:
•Manufacture Part Number: MOC3041
•Package Type: TO-220AB
•Max. Forward Emitter Current: 60 mA
•Max. Reverse Emitter Voltage: 6 V
•Max. Operating Temperature: -40 ℃ to +80 ℃
•Max. Power Dissipation: 250 mW
•Off-State Terminal Output Voltage: 400 V
•Holding Current: 400 µA
•Maximum LED Triggering Current: 15 mA
•Dimensions: 8.89 mm x 6.6 mm x 5.08 mm
Flow Sensor
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Flow Sensor:
• Model: YF-S201
• Sensor Type: Hall effect
• Working Voltage: 5 to 18V DC (min tested working
voltage 4.5V)
• Max. Current Draw: 15mA @ 5V
• Output Type: 5V TTL
• Working Flow Rate: 1 to 30 Liters/Minute
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Flow Sensor:
• Working Temperature range: -25 to +80℃
• Accuracy: ±10%
• Maximum water pressure: 2.0 MPa
• Pulses per Liter: 450
• 1/2" nominal pipe connections
• 0.78" outer diameter
• 1/2" of thread
• Dimensions: 2.5" x 1.4" x 1.4"
Radar Water Level Control Switch
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Radar Water Level Control Switch:
• Rated Voltage: 220VAC
• Rated Current: 4A~10A
• Rated Frequency: 50HZ
• Power Consumption: <1.5 KW
Battery
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
DC Source:
• Brand name: Eveready
• Battery Voltage: 1.5 V
• Average Weight: 15 Grams
• Volume: 8 cm³
• Average Capacity: 1,100 mAh to 0.8 V
• Cell: One no. 15
• Size: AA
16x2 LCD monitor
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
LCD Module:
• Outline Size(mm): 80.0(L) x 36.0(W) x 13.0(T)
• Display Type: 16(characters) x 2(line)
• View area(mm): 64.0 x 15.0
• Display Area(mm): 56.05 x 11.55
• View Direction: 6 O’Clock
• Interface mode: 8 BIT
• VDD & VOP(Type): 5.0V & 4.2V
• Backlight(Type): White, 5.0V, 15mA
HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Module
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Ultrasonic Sensor:
• Operating Voltage: DC – 5V
• Operating Current: 15mA
• Operating Frequency: 40KHz
• Farthest Range: 4m
• Nearest Range: 2cm
• Measuring Angle: 15 Degrees
• Input Trigger Signal: 10μs TTL Pulse
• Output Echo Signal: Output TTL level signal, proportional
with range
• Dimensions: 45*20*15mm
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
MAIN CONTROLLER

.
WATER PUMP SWITCH
SECOND LEVEL
THIRD LEVEL
FLOW CHART
STRUCTURAL MODEL
A
B

D
 B
A Float Switch Solenoid Valve
Solenoid Valve

Ultrasonic Sensor Check Valve

C D
Flow Sensor
Main
Microcontroller Flow Sensor
MATHEMATICAL MODEL
Equation used for converting Pulse Reading of the Flow Sensor to
a Volumetric Flow Rate:
T

p i
Q(t )  Qn  Qn1
Qn  i 0
k
Where:
• Q = Volumetric Flow Rate • i = Iterations of pulse count
• p = Digital Pulse • n = Iterations for computing
• k = Calibration factor flow rate
• t = Continuous-time (Seconds) • T = Continuous-time delay
DESCRIPTION OF
EXPERIMENTS
1) Water Flow Sensor Precision test:

 Objective:
To determine the precision of the flow rate
sensor based on the given data sheet of the
device
Experiment 1

 Materials Used:
• Flow Sensor
• Water main source
• Stopwatch
• PVC pipes ½” inner diameter
• PVC Female adaptors ½”
• Graduated Cylinder 1000 ml
• Arduino Pro mini 5V or MEGA 2560
• Computer
Experiment 1
 Setting:
• Mechanical Engineering workshop at
CIT-University

 Description:
• Water volume and flow rate is variable
• Time (constant): 15 seconds
• Number of trials: 5
Experiment 1
 Equation:
|𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑜𝑟−𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔|
• Relative Error (%) =
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
1 𝑁
• 𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = σ𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 − 𝑚 2
𝑁
wℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑁 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑚 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛
𝑋 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
1
• 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Experiment 1
1) Water Flow Sensor Precision test:
VOLUME AFTER 15 sec (ml) FLOWRATE (ml/s) RELATIVE
TRIALS ERROR
ACTUAL MEASURED ACTUAL MEASURED (%)
VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE
1 517.0 451.5 34.5 30.1 12.8
2 520.0 486.0 34.7 32.4 6.6
3 515.0 453.0 34.3 30.2 12.0
4 510.0 475.5 34.0 31.7 6.8
5 509.0 447.0 33.9 29.8 12.1
MEAN 514.2 462.6 34.3 30.8 10.1
VARIANCE 21.7 293.18 0.11 1.30
PRECISION 0.05 ≈0 8.93 0.77
2) Bluetooth Module Connection delay:

 Objectives:
To determine the delay of the connection of
a Bluetooth master module from Bluetooth
slave module to another using different
connection techniques
Experiment 2

 Materials Used:
• Bluetooth Module HC-05 (1 master and
2 slaves)
• Stopwatch
• Arduino Pro mini 5V or MEGA 2560

 Setting:
• CIT-university ECE workshop, N. Bacalso
Avenue, Cebu City
Experiment 2

 Technique 1 Description:
• The Bluetooth master is always turned ON
• Start of timer: After turning ON the
Bluetooth slave module
• End of timer: Bluetooth LED blinks twice every
two seconds
Experiment 2
 Procedure:
Connect a Bluetooth master to two Bluetooth slaves alternately. To do so, a
slave should be powered ON one at a time while the master is always ON
during the experiment. The Bluetooth modules will just connect automatically after
they seen each other with delay.

Delay (sec) before connection to

Trial Slave 1 Slave 2
1 3 14
2 16 15
3 17 16
4 15 17
5 14 16
Average time 13 15.6
Experiment 2

 Technique 2 description:
• Start of timer: After turning ON the
Bluetooth master and slave
module
• End of timer: Bluetooth LED blinks twice
every two seconds
 Experiment 2
 Technique 2 Procedure:
Connect a Bluetooth master to two Bluetooth slaves alternately. To do so, a slave should
be powered ON one at a time. The Master module is first turned OFF. Every time a slave
turns ON, the Master should also turn ON and the same thing should be done when the
slave turns OFF. The two slaves shouldn’t turned ON at the same time. The Bluetooth
modules will just connect automatically after they seen each other with delay.

Delay (sec) before connection to

Trial Slave 1 Slave2
1 3 4
2 3 3
3 2 4
4 4 3
5 3 3
Average time 3 3.4
3) Ultrasonic Sensor accuracy test:

 Objectives:
To determine the accuracy of the ultrasonic
sensor in measuring the water height and
water volume in a container
Experiment 3

 Materials Used:
• Ultrasonic sensor
• Measuring cup
• Water container (cylindrical)
• Arduino Pro mini 5V or MEGA 2560
• Computer
• Steel tape
Experiment 3
 Setting:
• Mangubat boarding house, Trigon C.
Padilla St., Cebu City
 Description:
• Water volume sample (ml): 1200-8400 (increment of 800)
• Water height sample (mm): depends on the water volume
• Number of water volume samples (ml): 10
• Number of water height samples (mm): 10
Experiment 3

 Equation:
|𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑜𝑟−𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔|
• Relative Error (%) =
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔

• Volume (cylinder) = p× radius 2 × height

Experiment 3
WATER VOLUME (ml) WATER HEIGHT (mm)
SAMPLE THEORETICAL ULTRASONIC MANUAL ULTRASONIC
%ERROR %ERROR
MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT

1 1200 993.62 17.20 10.00 9.42 5.80

2 2000 2464.89 23.24 39.00 41.51 6.44

3 2800 3343.94 19.43 56.00 56.31 0.55

4 3600 4365.53 21.26 72.00 73.52 2.08

5 4400 5559.37 26.35 93.00 93.64 0.69

6 5200 6147.38 18.22 103.00 103.56 0.54

7 6000 6545.33 9.09 114.00 110.22 3.32

8 6800 7733.23 13.74 132.00 130.27 1.31

9 7600 8541.0 12.38 144.00 143.84 0.11

10 8400 9301.26 10.73 159.00 156.66 1.47

%Error Average: 17.16 %Error Average: 2.23

CONCLUSION
 The boosting system automatically operates
with respect to the flow rate and water level
information transmitted wirelessly
Flow sensor used has a 7.25% percent
difference based from the gathered data
from the experiments
 Bluetooth connectivity has less delay when
used with one is to one connection based
on the conducted experiment
 The percent error between the actual
measurement and the ultrasonic sensor’s
reading is minimal
RECOMMENDATION
 Increase the system’s efficiency in determining the
flow rate information by using other sensors
 Use a variable water pump for boosting to control
the speed of the water flow while the pump is
turned on
 The size of the water tank should be proportional to
expected demand
 The water level monitoring system in the tank should
not be affected by water movements