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LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
Core Supplement
• Describe the pattern of the magnetic State the qualitative variation of the
field (including direction) due to strength of the magnetic field over salient
currents in straight wires and in parts of the pattern
solenoids • State that the direction of a magnetic
field line at a point is the direction of the
• Describe applications of the magnetic
force on the N pole of a magnet at that
effect of current, including the action
point
of a relay • Describe the effect on the magnetic field
Describe an experiment to show that a of changing the magnitude and direction of
force acts on a current-carrying the current
conductor in a magnetic field, including State and use the relative directions of
the effect of reversing: – the current – force, field and current
the direction of the field • Describe an experiment to show the
State that a current-carrying coil in a corresponding force on beams of charged
magnetic field experiences a turning particles
effect and that the effect is increased Relate this turning effect to the action of
by: – increasing the number of turns on an electric motor including the action of a
the coil – increasing the current – split-ring commutator
increasing the strength of the magnetic
field
Describe the pattern
of the magnetic field
(including direction)
due to currents in
straight wires and in
solenoids
Describe the pattern
If an electric current is of the magnetic field
passed through a wire, a (including direction)
due to currents in
weak magnetic field is
straight wires and in
produced. solenoids
Wire
Magnetic field
lines
Current
(conventional)
Describe the pattern
If an electric current is of the magnetic field
passed through a wire, a (including direction)
due to currents in
weak magnetic field is
straight wires and in
produced. solenoids
Wire
Magnetic field
lines
Current
(conventional)
Field lines can be followed and
plotted using a plotting compass.
The ‘dot’
represents the
current flowing
upwards (as
shown in the
diagram above)
Describe the pattern
If an electric current is of the magnetic field
passed through a wire, a (including direction)
due to currents in
weak magnetic field is
straight wires and in
produced. solenoids
Wire
Magnetic field
lines
Current
(conventional)
Field lines can be followed and
plotted using a plotting compass.
The ‘cross’
represents the
current flowing
downwards (the
field direction
is reversed).
Describe the pattern
If an electric current is of the magnetic field
passed through a wire, a (including direction)
due to currents in
weak magnetic field is
straight wires and in
produced. solenoids
Wire
Magnetic field
lines
Current
(conventional)
Field lines can be followed and
plotted using a plotting compass.
Field features:
1. The magnetic field lines are
The ‘cross’ circles.
represents the 2. The field is strongest closer to
current flowing the wire.
downwards (the 3. Increasing the current
field direction increases the field strength.
is reversed).
How do we know the
direction of the magnetic
field produced by a current?
How do we know the
direction of the magnetic
field produced by a current?
Remember
the right-
hand grip
rule!
How do we know the
direction of the magnetic
field produced by a current?
Remember
the right-
Imagine gripping the
wire with your right hand grip
hand so that your rule!
thumb points in the
current direction
(conventional). Your
fingers then point in
the same direction
as the field lines.
Describe the pattern
of the magnetic field
What is (including direction)
due to currents in
a straight wires and in
solenoid? solenoids
Describe the pattern
of the magnetic field
What is (including direction)
due to currents in
a straight wires and in
A solenoid is a solenoid? solenoids
long coil of
wire.
Describe the pattern
of the magnetic field
What is (including direction)
due to currents in
a straight wires and in
A solenoid is a solenoid? solenoids
long coil of
wire.
The right-
hand grip
rule can also
be used with
the solenoid.
Features of the magnetic field
produced:
1. The field is similar to that
produced by a bar magnet, with
North and South poles.
2. The strength of the field
increases as the current
increases.
3. The strength of the field
increases as the number of turns
on the coil increases.
hand grip
rule can also
be used with
the solenoid.
Imagine gripping the coil with your right hand
so that your fingers point in the current
direction (conventional). Your thumb then
points towards the North pole of the coil.
Describe applications
of the magnetic
effect of current,
including the action
of a relay
http://science.howstuffworks.com/
Describe applications
of the magnetic
effect of current,
including the action
of a relay
Electromagnets!
http://science.howstuffworks.com/
Describe applications
of the magnetic
effect of current,
including the action
of a relay
Electromagnets!
switch battery
coil
Soft iron
core
http://science.howstuffworks.com/
Describe applications
of the magnetic
effect of current,
including the action
of a relay
Electromagnets!
Unlike bar magnets, which are
permanent magnets, the
magnetism of electromagnets
can be turned on and off.
switch battery
coil
Soft iron
core
http://science.howstuffworks.com/
Describe applications
of the magnetic
effect of current,
including the action
of a relay
Electromagnets!
Unlike bar magnets, which are
permanent magnets, the
magnetism of electromagnets
can be turned on and off.
switch battery
When a current flows
through the coil it
produces a magnetic
coil field. This field is
temporary and is lost
Soft iron
when the current is
core switched off.
http://science.howstuffworks.com/
Describe applications
of the magnetic
effect of current,
including the action
of a relay
Electromagnets!
Unlike bar magnets, which are
permanent magnets, the
magnetism of electromagnets
can be turned on and off.
switch battery
When a current flows Strength
through the coil it increased by:
produces a magnetic - Increasing
coil field. This field is the current
temporary and is lost - Increasing
Soft iron
when the current is number of
core switched off. turns
http://science.howstuffworks.com/
Describe applications
of the magnetic
effect of current,
including the action
of a relay
Electromagnets!
Unlike bar magnets, which are
The core is usually made permanent magnets, the
of a soft metal such as magnetism of electromagnets
iron or Mumetal. can be turned on and off.
switch battery
When a current flows Strength
through the coil it increased by:
produces a magnetic - Increasing
coil field. This field is the current
temporary and is lost - Increasing
Soft iron
when the current is number of
core switched off. turns
Uses of Describe applications
of the magnetic
electromagnets effect of current,
including the action
of a relay
Uses of Describe applications
of the magnetic
electromagnets effect of current,
including the action
of a relay
Electromagnets are used in RELAYS.
A relay is a device which uses a low
current circuit to switch a high
current circuit on or off.
Uses of Describe applications
of the magnetic
electromagnets effect of current,
including the action
of a relay
Electromagnets are used in RELAYS.
A relay is a device which uses a low
current circuit to switch a high
current circuit on or off.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science
Uses of Describe applications
of the magnetic
electromagnets effect of current,
including the action
of a relay
Electromagnets are used in CIRCUIT
BREAKERS.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science
Uses of Describe applications
of the magnetic
electromagnets effect of current,
including the action
of a relay
Electromagnets are used in CIRCUIT
BREAKERS.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science
Uses of Describe applications
of the magnetic
electromagnets effect of current,
including the action
of a relay
Electromagnets are used in CIRCUIT
BREAKERS.
http://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/
Uses of Describe applications
of the magnetic
electromagnets effect of current,
including the action
of a relay
Electromagnets are used in
MAGNETIC STORAGE.
http://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/
Uses of Describe applications
of the magnetic
electromagnets effect of current,
including the action
of a relay
Electromagnets are used in
MAGNETIC STORAGE.
http://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/
Uses of Describe applications
of the magnetic
electromagnets effect of current,
including the action
of a relay
Electromagnets are used in
MAGNETIC STORAGE.
http://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/
Uses of Describe applications
of the magnetic
electromagnets effect of current,
including the action
of a relay
Electromagnets are used in
MAGNETIC STORAGE.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize
Describe an experiment
to show that a force
If a wire carrying a current is acts on a current-
placed in a magnetic field (with carrying conductor in a
lines of force at right angles to the magnetic field, including
the effect of reversing:
wire) then it will experience a
– the current – the
force: direction of the field
• At right angles to the current
direction
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize
Describe an experiment
to show that a force
If a wire carrying a current is acts on a current-
placed in a magnetic field (with carrying conductor in a
lines of force at right angles to the magnetic field, including
the effect of reversing:
wire) then it will experience a
– the current – the
force: direction of the field
• At right angles to the current
direction
• At right angles to the magnetic
field lines.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize
Describe an experiment
to show that a force
If a wire carrying a current is acts on a current-
placed in a magnetic field (with carrying conductor in a
lines of force at right angles to the magnetic field, including
the effect of reversing:
wire) then it will experience a
– the current – the
force: direction of the field
• At right angles to the current
direction
• At right angles to the magnetic
field lines.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize
Describe an experiment
to show that a force
acts on a current-
carrying conductor in a
magnetic field, including
the effect of reversing:
– the current – the
direction of the field
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize
How can we
predict the
direction of the
force on the wire?
Describe an experiment
to show that a force
acts on a current-
carrying conductor in a
magnetic field, including
the effect of reversing:
– the current – the
direction of the field
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize
Describe an experiment
to show that a force
acts on a current-
carrying conductor in a
magnetic field, including
the effect of reversing:
– the current – the
direction of the field
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize
Describe an experiment
to show that a force
acts on a current-
carrying conductor in a
magnetic field, including
the effect of reversing:
– the current – the
direction of the field
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize
Describe an experiment
to show that a force
acts on a current-
carrying conductor in a
magnetic field, including
the effect of reversing:
– the current – the
direction of the field
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize
Describe an experiment
to show that a force
acts on a current-
carrying conductor in a
magnetic field, including
the effect of reversing:
– the current – the
direction of the field
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize
So, applying
Fleming’s left-hand
rule to the example
given ….
Describe an experiment
to show that a force
acts on a current-
carrying conductor in a
magnetic field, including
the effect of reversing:
– the current – the
direction of the field
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize
So, applying
Fleming’s left-hand
rule to the example
given ….
Forefinger (magnetic field)
Describe an experiment
to show that a force
acts on a current-
carrying conductor in a
magnetic field, including
the effect of reversing:
– the current – the
direction of the field
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize
So, applying
Fleming’s left-hand
rule to the example
given ….
Forefinger (magnetic field)
Describe an experiment
to show that a force
acts on a current-
carrying conductor in a
magnetic field, including
the effect of reversing:
– the current – the
direction of the field
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize
So, applying
Fleming’s left-hand
rule to the example
given ….
Forefinger (magnetic field)
Thumb (movement)
Describe an experiment
to show that a force
acts on a current-
carrying conductor in a
magnetic field, including
the effect of reversing:
– the current – the
direction of the field
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize
1. The
cylindrical
magnet produces
a strong radial
(‘spoke-like’)
magnetic field at
right angles to
the wire in the
coil, which is
attached to a
stiff paper or
plastic cone.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize
1. The
cylindrical
magnet produces
a strong radial
(‘spoke-like’)
magnetic field at
right angles to
the wire in the
coil, which is
attached to a
stiff paper or
plastic cone.
1. The
cylindrical 3. The
magnet produces electromagnet
a strong radial moves back and
(‘spoke-like’) forth, and as a
magnetic field at result the
right angles to speaker cone
the wire in the also moves back
coil, which is and forth,
attached to a generating sound
stiff paper or waves.
plastic cone.
Magnetic field
Magnetic field
1
State that a current-
carrying coil in a
Turning effect magnetic field
experiences a turning
effect, and describe
Current-carrying wire the factors that can
increase this effect.
Magnetic field
Magnetic field
Coil
Magnetic
field
DC
Supply
coil
commutator
Simple DC motor brush
Coil
Magnetic
field
DC
Supply
coil
commutator
Simple DC motor brush
Coil
Magnetic
field
N S
DC
coil
commutator
Simple DC motor brush
Coil
Magnetic
field
N S
DC
Supply
coil
commutator
Simple DC motor brush
Coil
Magnetic
field
N S
DC
Supply
But the coil has momentum, so
Coil is made from insulated copper it overshoots the vertical
wire, and is free to rotate between position, the commutator
the poles of the magnet. The changes the direction of the
commutator (or split ring) is fixed current through it, so the
to the coil, and is in contact with forces change direction and
the brushes from the DC supply. keep the coil turning.
State that a current-
carrying coil in a
Turning effect magnetic field
experiences a turning
effect, and describe
the factors that can
Simple DC motor increase this effect.
Coil
Magnetic
field
Coil
Magnetic
field