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EE-379

LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS


Lecture No 1

“CONTROL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING”


By NORMAN S. NISE, 6th Edition
Text Book: Chapter 1

Instructor: Dr. Iftikhar Ahmad


Class: BEE 7C

Electrical Engineering Department

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Course Information

Course Title: LINEAR CONTROL


SYSTEMS Lab (yes)
Credit hrs: 3-3
Pre-requisites For this Course: Calculus, Complex Variables and
Transforms, Machines
Instructor: Dr. Iftikhar Ahmad
e-mail: iftikhar.rana@seecs.edu.pk SMRIMMS, Room: B-204
Text Book:.
1. Control Systems Engineering By Norman S. Nise 6th Edition
2. Modern Control Engineering By Ogata 4 th Edition

Reference Book(s):
1. Feedback Control Systems by Phillip and Harbor 4th Edition
2. MODERN CONTROL SYSTEMS by RICHARD C DORF
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Control Systems (Definition)
Comprises subsystems and processes (or plants) assembled for
the purpose of obtaining a desired output with desired
performance, given a specified input.

Signals flow from the input, through the system and


produce an output
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Control Systems (Example)
Consider an elevator. When the fourth-floor button is pressed,
the elevator rises to the fourth floor with a speed and floor-
leveling accuracy designed for passenger comfort.

Two measures of
performance are :
(1) the transient
response
(2) the steady-state
error.

Passenger comfort and passenger patience are dependent


upon the transient response
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Classification of Control Systems
Control Systems

Natural Man-made

Manual Automatic

Open-loop Closed-loop

Non-linear linear
Non-linear linear

Time variant Time invariant


Time variant Time invariant 20
System Configurations
Block diagrams of control systems:

open-loop system

closed-loop system 21
Antenna azimuth position control system:

system concept

detailed layout

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Antenna azimuth position
control system:

Schematic diagram

functional block diagram

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Response of a position control system showing effect of
high and low controller gain on the output response

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The control system design process

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One Example
Disturbance
Forces
Desired
Neural Output
position Control algorithm Signal Muscle Hand Position

(Brain) G(s)
Actuator Y(s)
R (s) Controller U (s) Plant
Reference Control block
Input

Eye
Sensor
Open loop No Feedback

Closed loop With Feedback

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Another Example
Disturbances
parties, games
Desired
performance
Performance Teaching Students
Pedagogism activities
Actuator Y(s)
R (s) Controller U (s) Plant
Reference Control block
Input

Homework,
Exams, quizzes,…
Sensor

Open loop No Feedback Blindly teaching ?!

Closed loop With Feedback

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What is a Actuator?
• Actuator is a device which produce
mechanical energy (output motion) in
response to some type of energy input.

Complex
Electrical

Mechanical

Energy Actuator Motion Linear


Thermal Electro-
Mechanical
Fluid
• Hydraulic Rotary
• Pneumatic

Chemical

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What is a sensor?
Sensors are transducers that produce (transform) electrical
energy (signals) as a result of some type of stimulation
(measurement space)

Temperature

Distance

Sensor
Electrical Voltage
Measurement Signals
Voltage
Force Current
Digital
Speed

Types of Sensors
Active.. Need External Power
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Passive.. No External Power

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