ABDOMINAL CAVITY

MUH.IQBAL BASRI
Department of Anatomy
Hasanuddin University
 Surface Anatomy - Landmarks
 Abdominal Wall
 Umbilicus

 Linea Alba
 White line
 Tendinous

 Xiphoid process to
pubic symphysis
 Linea Semilunaris
 Processus
Xiphoideus

Costal margin

Linea alba
Linea
semilunaris

SIAS
 Surface Anatomy - Boundaries
 Superior
 Xiphoid process and
costal cartilages
 Inferior
 Iliac crest

 Anterior superior iliac

spine
 Inguinal ligament

 Pubic tubercle, crest

and symphysis
 Abdominal Regions

 2 Vertical lines –
midclavicular
 Transpyloric line –
inferior costal margin
 Transtubercle line –
tubercles of iliac
crests

Pg. 612
 Abdominal Regions

 Right Hypochondriac
 Gall bladder and liver
 Epigastric
 Stomach, liver, transverse
colon
 Left Hypochondriac
 Stomach, liver, transverse
colon
 Right Lumbar
 Ascending colon
 Umbilical
Small intestine, transverse
Pg. 612 
colon
 Abdominal Regions
 Left Lumbar
 Small intestine, descending
colon
 Right Inguinal (iliac)
 Cecum, appendix
 Pubic (hypogastric)
 Appendix, small intestine,
bladder
 Left Inguinal (iliac)
 Small intestine, descending
colon, sigmoid colon
Pg. 612
Abdominal Quadrants

 Vertical – midline
 Horizontal –
umbilicus
 Right and left upper
and lower quadrants
 Used clinically

Pg. 612
OTOT-OTOT DINDING
VENTRAL ABDOMEN
 Otot Anterolateral Abdomen

 M. OBLIQUUS EXTERNUS ABDOMINIS

 M.OBLIQUUS INTERNUS ABDOMINIS
 M. TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS
 M. RECTUS ABDOMINIS
 M. PYRAMIDALIS
 Muscles of the Anterior Wall
 4 Muscles
 3 flat muscles that are continuous with the intercostal
muscles
 1 straplike muscle in a sheath produced by the
aponeurosis of the 3 flat muscles
 Fibers run in different directions for increased strength
 Protection to abdominal viscera
 Movement of the trunk, forced ventilation, increase
abdominal pressure
 Innervation by intercostal nerves
M. OBLIQUUS EXT. ABDOMINIS
 ORIGO : Facies externus
dan tepi caudal costa V-XII
 INSERTIO: Linea alba dan
Labium externum crista
iliaca
 Berakhir membentuk
aponeurose, arah
caudomedial, membtk
vagina m.recti dan bertemu
dengan serabut dari sisi
yang lain utk membentuk
LINEA ALBA
 External Obliques
 Largest and most superficial
 Origin = lower 8 ribs (interdigitate
with serratus ventralis and
latissimus dorsi
 Insertion = iliac crest and
aponeurosis to linea alba, pubis
 Flexion of trunk, compression of
abdominal wall (bilateral), and
rotation of trunk (unilaterally)
 Innervated by intercostal nerves T7
– T12
http://www.alexandercenter.com/pa/images%202000/bts12.jpg
M. OBLIQUUS INT. ABDOMINIS
 ORIGO: ½ bagian
lateral lig.inguinale,
lamina profunda Fsscia
Lumbodorsalis dan
Linea intermedia crista
iliaca
 INSERTIO: Linea Alba
dan Pars Cartilaginis
Costae IX- XII
 Membtk vagina m.recti
(anterior dan Posterior)
 Internal Obliques
 Middle Layer
 Origin = lumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
 Insertion = Costal margin, aponeurosis to linea alba,
pubis
 Fibers run upward and forward, at right angles to those
of external obliques
 Function = same as external obliques
 Innervated by intercostal nerves T7 – T12, L1
http://faculty.ncarts.edu/generalstudies/pounds/anatomyphysiology/AbdBonz.jpg
http://faculty.ncarts.edu/generalstudies/pounds/anatomyphysiology/AbdLatM.jpg
 M.TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS

 ORIGO: 1/3 lateral lig.inguinale, ¾

anterior labium internum crista iliaca,
fascia lumbodorsalis dan facies internus
pars cartilaginis costa VII-XII.
 INSERTIO: Linea Alba
 Transversus Abdominus
 Deepest layer
 Origin = costal cartilages ribs 7-12,
thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal
ligament
 Insertion = Linea alba, pubic crest, last 3 or 4
ribs and costal margin
 Fibers run horizontally
 Function = compress abdomen
 Innervated by intercostal nerves T7 – T12, L1
 Rectus Abdominis
 Straplike, primary vertical muscle
 Enclosed in rectus sheath formed by
aponeurosis of flat muscles
 Lateral border forms linea semilunaris
 3 or 4 tendinous insertions
 Origin = pubic crest, symphsis
 Insertion = Xiphoid, costal cartilages 5-7
 Function = flexion, rotation of trunk,
compression of abdomen, fixation of ribs,
stabilize pelvis during walking
 Intercostal nerves T6 or T7 – T12
http://faculty.ncarts.edu/generalstudies/pounds/anatomyphysiology/AbdBonz.jpg
http://faculty.ncarts.edu/generalstudies/pounds/anatomyphysiology/AbdLatM.jpg
M.RECTUS ABDOMINIS
 ORIGO: Crista pubica
 INSETIO: Pars cartilaginis
costae V-VII dan tepi
processus xiphoideus
 Disilangi oleh INSCRIPTIO
TENDINAE (3 buah)
 Dibungkus oleh VAGINA
MUSCULI RECTI
ABDOMINIS (lamina
anterior dan lamina
posterior)
 Vagina M.Recti Abdominis
 LAMINA ANTERIOR: Aponeurose m.
obliquus ext. Abominis dan aponeurose
m. obliquus int.abdominis
 LAMINA POSTERIOR:Aponeurose m.
transversus abdominis dan m. obliquus
int.abdominis kecuali di caudal
pertengahan umbilicus dan Symphisis
(LINEA SEMICIRCULARIS DOUGLASI)
 M.PYRAMDALIS

 Caudal Dinding abdomen, diventral

m.rectus abdominis
 ORIGO: Symphisis Ossis Pubis dan Lig.
Pubicum anterior
 Insertio: Linea alba pada Umbilicus dan
SOP
http://www.kahlin.net/noir/dressyr/trainingscales/ilio-psoas.gif

Muscles of Posterior Wall

 Psoas major (Iliopsoas)
 Origin = lumbar vertebrae and
T12
 Insertion = less trochanter of
femur via iliopsoas tendon
 Function = flexion of thigh, trunk,
and lateral flexion of trunk
 Quadratus lumborum
 Origin = iliac crest and transverse
processes lower lumbar vertebrae
 Insertion = transverse processes
upper lumbar
 Function = lateral flexion (alone),
stability of spine (together)
CAVUM ABDOMINOPELVICUM
 Pg. 12

Abdominopelvic Cavity

 Largest ventral cavity

 Abdominal cavity
 Pelvic cavity
 Continuous – no structural
division between the
abdominal and pelvic
cavities
Abdominopelvic Cavity
 Abdominal Cavity
 Liver, spleen,
kidneys, pancreas,
etc.
 Pelvic Cavity
 Bladder, rectum,
reproductive
organs

Pg. 12
Boundaries of the Abdominal Cavity

 Superior
 Diaphragm

 Inferior
 Pelvic Inlet
PERITONEUM
 PERITONEUM

 PERITONEUM PARIETALE
 PERITONEUM VISCERALE
 CAVUM PERITONEI
 Peritoneum parietale → peritoneum
viscerale (REFLEXI PERITONEUM) : folded
thing (plica), the hanger of viscera or
Omentum
 Peritoneum
 Serous membrane of the abdominal cavity
 Visceral peritoneum covers surface of
abdominal organs
 Parietal peritoneum covers abdominal wall
 Peritoneal cavity lies between these layers
and contains serous fluid
 REFLEXI PERITONEUM
FOLDED Plica rectouterina
Plica umbilicalis lateralis
LAYER Omentum majus
Omentum minus
HANGER Mesenterium
Mesocolon transversum
Lig.hepatogastricum
Lig.falciforme hepatis
 CAVUM PERITONEI

• The content is sereus fluid, closed (on

male), but on the female there’s relation
with the outer side → OSTIUM TUBAE
UTERINAE
• Cavum peritonei s.s.(=greater sac)
• BURSA OMENTALIS (=lesser sac)
• FORAMEN EPIPLOICUM WINSLOWI
GREATER SAC
• ANTEROSUPERIOR PART
→pars sinister and pars
dexter, divided by
lig.falciforme hepatis

• POSTEROINFERIOR PART
limited by attach of
mesocolon transversum
on pancreas (superior)
 BURSA OMENTALIS

 Irreguler shape
 Posteriorly lobus caudatus hepatis,
omentum minus and gaster
 Located within omentum majus
The Area of Bursa Omentalis
VENTRAL
• Peritoneum which cover
lobus caudatus hepatis
• Omentum minus

• Peritoneum which cover

pars posterior ventriculi
• Omentum majus
 The Area of Bursa Omentalis
POSTERIOR (caudal to cranial)
• Omentum majus

• Peritoneum which enclosed colon

transversum
• Mesocolon transversum

• Peritoneum enclosed structure on

posterior part of cav.abdominis
(pancreas,gld.suprarenalis sin.)
FOR.EPIPLOICUM WINSLOWI
 Ductus
cysticus,a.hepatica,v.po
rtae (ventral)
 Hepar (cranial)
 Pars superior duodeni
(caudal)
 Peritoneum enclosed
posterior part of
abdomen and v.cava
inferior (dorsal)
 Mesentaries
 Double-layered sheets
of peritoneum
 Connect peritoneal
organs to dorsal and
ventral body wall
 Functions
 Hold organs
 Store fat
 Route for nerves and
blood vessels
Pg. 614
 Mesentaries
 Ventral- attach to
anterior wall
 Falciform ligament
 Lesser omentum
 Dorsal – attach to
posterior wall
 Greater omentum
 Mesentery proper
 Transverse mesocolon
 Sigmoid mesocolon
Pg. 614
Peritoneal vs. Retroperitoneal
 Peritoneal
 Surrounded by
peritoneal cavity
 Liver, stomach,
ileum jejunum,
transverse and
sigmoid colon
 Retroperitoneal
 Lie behind
peritoneum
 Ascending and
descending colon,
Pg. 665 pancreas, rectum,
duodenum,
The End