RELIGION AND BELIEF

SYSTEMS
• CHRISTIANITY
• ISLAM
• HINDUISM
• BUDDHISM
• SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE
 BELIEF
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•Animism
SYSTEMS
nature worship
•Polytheism
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belief in many gods

•Monotheism
belief in one God
Muslim Christianity Hinduism Buddhism
 CHRISTIANITY
• World’s Biggest Religion
• 2.2B Followers
• Teachings of Jesus Christ who lived in the
Holy Land (Israel)
• Belief: There is another life with one,
eternal, loving God
 ISLAM
• Second most popular religion in the
world
• Thousand Million Followers
• Complete Way of Life
• Arabia
• Prophet Muhammad
• Belief: There is only one God, called
Allah.
 HINDUISM
• World’s Third Most Popular and Oldest
Existing Religion
• 750M Followers
• Originated from North India
• Brahminism
• Belief: Religion is a matter of practice
rather than of beliefs.
Atman Reincarnation Samsara
 BUDDHISM
• Northeastern India
• Siddhartha Gautama
• 2,500 years old
• 350M Followers
• Main Religion in many Asian countries
• Nirvana
• Belief: They believe that nothing in the
world is perfect, and that the
Buddha (not a god) found the
answer to why it is like this.
 INSTITUTIONALIZED
RELIGION
• Formed by a sect
• Organized religion
• Belief systems and rituals are systematically
arranged and formally established
• Official doctrine (or dogma)
• World's largest religious groups
*Property of STI J0055
 SEPARATION OF
CHURCH AND STATE
• Art II. Sec. 6 of the 1987 Constitution
The Separation of Church and State shall be
inviolable.
• Art. III. Sec 5
Freedom of Religion. Anyone can choose their own
religion with out the coercion of the State.
 SEPARATION OF
CHURCH AND STATE
Should a Roman Catholic Bishop ever concern
himself with the impeachment of a President
accused of a host of unconstitutional misdeeds
in office?
 SEPARATION OF
CHURCH AND STATE
As far as the citizen’s right is concerned,
the Bishop himself is a part of the Filipino
Citizenry where as he can be
concerned about the unconstitutional
actions of the President. Hence, Public
office is a public trust.
*Property of STI J0055
RELIGION IN THE AGE OF
GLOBALIZATION
 WOMEN AND RELIGION
• Traditionally, women have been equated with religion as transmitter of religious
belief and practices to their children. Men as the originator and dominated by men
as leaders.
• As the global trend of Gender Sensitivity made its movement, a call for “matriarchal
religion” and “Goddess Feminism” was proposed.
• From the beginning: (A male deity/Deity should have a mother, Gaia or mother
earth)
• Ideas such as strength, independence, beauty and divinity
 SECULARIZATION

• Defined as Modernization necessarily leads to “a decline

of religion”, both in society, and in the minds of
individuals” (Berger, 1999). Modernization drastically
replaces tradition with science-based knowledge.
 SECULARIZATION
• Partial Secularization: which is the common meaning of the word,
and expresses "The separation between religion and state".
• Complete Secularization: this definition is not limited to the partial
definition, but exceeds it to "The separation between all (religion,
moral, and human) values, and (not just the state) but also to (the
human nature in its public and private sides), so that the holiness
is removed from the world, and this world is transformed into a
usable matter that can be employed for the sake of the strong".