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ACCIDENT«.!

An event that takes place all of sudden, unexpectedly,

resulting in something bad is called an accident.
´an accident is an injury which the workers suffer in the
course of work.µ

Industrial safety«
Industrial safety refers to the protection of the
workers from the dangers of accident taking place
in the industries.
CAUSES FOR INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS..
Accidents are common feature in most industries.
In fact, some industries are known for
accidents«example:- coal and other mining
industries, quarries, construction work
Causes further can be grouped as:
þ Human factors.

þ Environmental factors.
HUMAN FACTORS«.

Are more important than the environmental factors in

accident causation and constitute about 85% of the
total.
h :
^ uhysical factors:-
^ the physical capability of the workers may not meet the job
requirements, his visual activity and hearing may be
inadequate.
^ usychological factors
^ are mental factors that might lead to accidents.
Carelessness, inattentiveness, over-confidence, slowness,
ignorance, inexperience, emotional stress,& accident
proneness. These factors are more important than physical
factors.
HUMAN FACTORS«.
^ uhysiological factors:-
^ Sex
^ Age
^ Time
^ WORKING HOURS

^ Experience
According to a study of physiological & industrial
hygiene section of the ¶All India Institute of
Hygiene and uublic Health, calcutta.
Younger ones are more involved in accidents than
older age group.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS«

The temperature, poor illumination(lighting),

humidity(cold), noise and unsafe machines popularly
causes accidents(10-20% by unsafe machines)

Types of accidents«
r Major
r Minor
It may be internal or external«major may be fatal,
leading to permanent disability«.
uREVENTION OF MINIMIZING INDUSTRIAL
ACCIDENTS..
Some principles of accident prevention are:-
  Adequate job training.

  Adequate pre-placement examination

  Continuing education

  Ensuring safe work environment

  ueriodic surveys for finding out hazards

  Establishing a safety department in the

organization under a competent safety engineer
  Careful reporting, maintenance of records and
publicity
uROTECTION DEVICES«.
1.Respirators 2.Ear plugs

3.Gas masks 4.screens

5.Helmets
6.Aprons(cloths)
7.safety shoes
8.Gloves
9.Ear muffs
10.Barrier creams
11.Goggeles
SAFETY MEASURES ADOuTED BY
INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS«

It can be taken with regard to the following four

basic causes of unsafe acts:-
o Improper attitude

o uhysical unsuitability

o Lack of knowledge

o Improper mechanical or physical environment«

IMuORTANT SAFETY MEASURES ARE«
þ uhysical and mechanical conditions
þ Safety provision in new machine
þ ueriodic inspection of machine
þ uroper protective equipments should provide
þ Orderly house keeping
þ Commitment by management
þ Trade unions
þ Workers cooperation
þ Safety posters
þ Safety training classes and courses
þ Every year, the 1st week of March, is observed as a safety
week
þ Advising the workers
þ uroper residential accommodation
þ Safety committees
MEASURES FOR uREVENTION OF
OCCUuATIONAL DISEASES«

‡Medical measures
‡Engineering
measures
They may be ‡Statutory or
grouped under legislative
3 heads:- measures
MEDICAL MEASURES(¶A·)«.
þ ure-placement examination
þ ueriodical examination

þ Medical and health care services

þ Notification

þ Supervision of working environment

þ Maintenance and analysis of records

þ Health education and counseling

For example:-
Lead ² causes anaemia, nephritis, peptic ulcer.
Silica ² causes active tuberculosis of lungs, chronic
lung disease.
ENGINEERING MEASURES«
þ Design of building
þ Substitution

þ Local exhaust ventilation

þ Dusts

þ Good house keeping

þ Mechanization

þ Environmental monitoring

þ Research

þ Isolation

þ urotective devices
LEGISLATION«.
The most important factory laws in India are:-
The Factories Act,1948
The Employees State Insurance
Act,1948
SAVE YOURSELF AND YOUR FRIENDS LIFE
AT WORKSTATION«.