INSTRUMENT

FLOW METER
WHAT IS FLOW METER ?
A flow meter is a device used to measure the flow rate or quantity of a gas or
liquid moving through a pipe. Flow measurement applications are very
diverse and each situation has its own constraints and engineering
requirements. Flow meters are referred to by many names, such as flow
gauge, flow indicator, liquid meter, etc. depending on the particular industry;
however the function, to measure flow, remains the same.
WHY IT IS USED ?
Precision flow meters are used to provide accurate monitoring and/or
flow control.
WORKING PROCESS
Overview of Flow Measurement. Flowmeters are
devices that measure the amount of liquid, gas or
vapor that passes through them. Volumetric
flowmeters directly measure the volume of fluid
(Q) passing through the flowmeter. The
only flowmeter technology that measures volume
directly is the positive displacement flowmeter.
 WHERE IT IS USED?

The Flo-Gage is a direct reading liquid

flowmeter and gas flowmeter with a large easy to
read dial calibrated in engineering units (GPM, SCFM,
LPM, etc.). The Flo-Gage is suitable for measuring
water, oil, and most low viscosity liquids as well as
compressed air, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and
many other non-toxic compressed gases. Saturated
steam can also be measured up to 120 psig max. The
flowmeter is self contained and complete. Available
in threaded and flanged connection.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FLOWMETERS

An introduction to different types of

fluid flowmeters - Orifices, Venturies,
Nozzles, Rotameters, Pitot Tubes,
Calorimetrics, Turbine, Vortex,
Electromagnetic, Doppler, Ultrasonic,
Thermal, Coriolis.
Flow Venturi- meter
In the flow meter the fluid is accelerated through a
converging cone of angle 15-20 degree and the pressure
difference between the upstream side of the cone and
the throat is measured and provides a signal for the rate
of flow. It requires straight length of minimum 15D & 5D
up/down stream respectively.
PIPING KEY POINTS
Piping to considered straight run requirement at
the time of layout.
Piping to review straight run requirement from
Instrument department.
-Hook up drawing to be considered for MTO
details at the time of isometric issue.
Bolts & gasket for both side of venturimeter to be considered
in MTO at the time of iso issue.
ORIENTATION
TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT
 Orifice

The orifice meter consists of a flat orifice plate with a circular hole drilled in it.
There is a pressure tap upstream from the orifice plate and another just
downstream.
PIPING CONSIDERATION
PIPING KEY POINTS
Piping to considered straight run requirement at
the time of layout.
Piping to review straight run requirement from
Instrument department.
-Hook up drawing to be considered for MTO
details at the time of isometric issue.
Through bolts & gasket for both side of orifice to be considered
in MTO at the time of iso issue.
Restriction Orifice
Restriction orifice (RO) is mainly used to achieve controlled or
restricted flow of process medium. The orifice offers a restriction to the
process flow and the pressure head drops from the upstream to the
downstream. The permanent pressure loss by the device is the
intended pressure drop for which it is sized. The area of the orifice
determines the rate of flow at the outlet of a given process fluid for the
specified pressure and temperature.
PIPING KEY POINTS
Piping to review straight run requirement from
Instrument department.
-Hook up drawing to be considered for MTO
details at the time of isometric issue.
Through Bolts & gasket for both side of restriction orifice to be considered
in MTO at the time of iso issue.
Ultrasonic Flow Meter
An ultrasonic flow meter is a type of flow meter that measures the
velocity of a liquid or gas (fluid) by using the principle of ultrasound.
Ultrasonic flow meters are affected by the temperature, density and
viscosity of the flowing medium.
PIPING KEY POINTS
Piping to review straight run requirement from
Instrument department.
-Hook up drawing to be considered for MTO
details at the time of isometric issue.
Bolts & gasket for both side of ultrasonic flow meter to be considered
in MTO at the time of iso issue.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FLOW METER

Electromagnetic Flow Meter

Coriolis Mass Flowmeter

(LZYN) for Liquid & High
Pressure Gas
PIPING KEY POINTS
Piping to review straight run requirement from
Instrument department.
-Hook up drawing to be considered for MTO
details at the time of isometric issue.
Bolts & gasket for both side of flow meters to be considered
in MTO at the time of iso issue.
 Rotameter
The rotameter is an industrial flowmeter used to measure the flow
rate of liquids and gases. The rotameter consists of a tube and float.
The float response to flow rate changes is linear. Rotameter shall be
installed vertically with flow from bottom.
PIPING KEY POINTS
Piping to review straight run requirement from
Instrument department.
-Hook up drawing to be considered for MTO
details at the time of isometric issue.
Bolts & gasket for both side of rotameter to be considered
in MTO at the time of iso issue.
Maintenance access to be considered at the time of
piping layout.
Rotameter shall be installed vertically with flow from
bottom.
PITOT TUBE
• Basically, a pitot tube is used in
wind tunnel experiments and
on airplanes to measure flow
speed. It's a slender tube that
has two holes on it. The front
hole is placed in the airstream
to measure what's called the
stagnation pressure. The side
hole measures the static
pressure.
INSTRUMENT
LEVEL GUAGE
WHAT IS LEVEL GAUGE ?

LEVEL GAGUE IS USED TO MEASURE THE LEVEL OF FLUIDS.

WORKING PROCESS

MEASUREMENT OF PIONT LEVEL MINIMUM & MAXIMUM CONNECTED

WITH ALARM FOR LIQUIDS AND BULK MATERIALS.
 WHERE IT IS USED?
MAGNETIC LEVEL INDICATOR
A MAGNETIC LEVEL GAUGE INCLUDES A
“FLOATABLE” DEVICE THAT CAN FLOAT BOTH IN
HIGH AND LOW DENSITY FLUIDS. MAGNETIC
LEVEL GAUGES MAY ALSO BE DESIGNED TO
ACCOMMODATE SEVERE ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS UP TO 210 BARS AT 370 DEG C.

Application Liquids : Liquid Propane,

Liquid Butane, Acids, Steam, Oil
REFLEX LEVEL INDICATOR

• Telelin Reflex level (gauge) Indicators are designed using

refractive indices of liquid and vapor. The reflex glass
has prismatic groves thus light rays coming from outside
are absorbed or they get reflected depending on either
they enter the liquid or vapor thus colorless liquids
appears black and the vapor appears silver thus due to
reflex glass level visualization becomes easy even for
high pressure & high temperature liquids or hot fumes .
Thus a clear line marks the difference between vapor
and fluid , eliminating any error in level visualization
 TUBULAR LEVEL INDICATOR

Telelin Tubular level indicators are the very basic tank level
measuring instrument used by process palnts , OEMS etc
world over .
Application Liquids : Water, Phenol, other non corrosive
liquid
FLOAT & BOARD LEVEL INDICATOR
Telelin Float & Board level Indicator(
Mechanical level indicator ) are widely used
for oil tanks ,large Acid tanks where in there
is not much of pressure i.e non pressurized
tanks based on simple rope and Float
principle our Float & board level indicators
finds wide application amongst OEMS ,
Petroleum & Pharma Industry.)

Application Liquids : Oil Tanks, Water &

Acids
 TRANSPERENT LEVEL INDICATOR

Telelin Transparent Level Indicators are basically

designed for dirty line or for line where in the lot of
particulate solids in the line. Transparent glass on
two sides of the main chamber allows better
visualization of particulate dirt or sediments which
easily get stuck in the liquid chamber in turn can
choke level indicator from functioning in long run.
Easy bolting arrangement makes it easy for the
operator to open and clean the main chamber on
timely basis.
• Application Liquids : Pressurized Tanks, High Temperature
liquid tanks, Corrosive liquids, Oil, Caustic, Acids.
PIPING CONSIDERATION
- Level Indicator/Leveltransmitter
- This indicate us level of equipment.
MAGNETIC LEVEL INDICATOR ARRANGEMENT

- Removal clearance to be considered at

time of piping layout.
- Operating & maintenance access to be
considered.
- Level sketch confirmation required from
instrument department.
- Hook up drawing to be considered for
MTO details at the time of isometric
issue.
INSTRUMENT
LEVEL TRANSMITTER
WHAT IS LEVEL TRANSMITTER ?

A Level Transmitter is simply an instrument that provides

continuous level measurement. Level transmitters can be used to
determine the level of a given liquid or bulk-solid at any given time.
WORKING PROCESS

Level Transmitters are sensors with an electrical transmission output

for remote indication of liquid, powder or bulk level. Capacitive, float,
mechanical, submersible, and ultrasonic models are the different types
available of level transmitters.
DISPLACER LEVEL TRANSMITTER
The transmitter is suitable to measure
liquid level, interface level, or liquid
specific gravity (density). The buoyancy
force from the liquid, gives weight loss
to the displacer, which rotates the
torque tube shaft. This rotary motion is
transferred to the digital level controller,
then the liquid level change finally is
changed to current signals 4-20mA.
RADAR LEVEL TRANSMITTER - NON CONTACT TYPE

Guided wave radar transmitter RLT211 Series is a non

contact type Level transmitter works on the principle
of time and travel (TDR). Radar wave travels at the
velocity of light. The flying time is converted into level
signal via the electronic components. Thus giving
accurate level measurement without contacting the
liquid. Radar level transmitter can also be used to
measure level in solids. Ideally suited for the level
measurement in Pharmaceutical, Sanitary/Food and
Diary Industry.
FLOAT GUIDED LEVEL TRANSMITTERS

Float guided level transmitter is a most

reliable instrument where continuos
level monitoring is required. It can be
used with PLC, DCS, SCADA & Controller.
COMBINED LEVEL & TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTER

Outcome of our successful R&D, Radix designed

and manufactured a Level & Temperature
Transmitter for simultaneous Level and
Temperature transmission(4-20mA). This sensor
has the range of up to 480mm and can measure
temperature upto 100 °C. It has PT-100 RTD for
that purpose. Available in various Process
connections like Flange, threaded and Triclover
type. Enclosure options can also be explored.
SUBMERSIBLE LEVEL TRANSMITTERS

• It is compact device for continuous level

measurement of non aggressive liquids
(without solid impurities) in non pressurised
vessels, reservoirs, borewells, sumps & tanks.
RADAR LEVEL TRANSMITTERS - CONTACT TYPE

• Guided wave radar transmitter works on the

principle of time and travel (TDR). Radar wave
travels at the velocity of light. The flying time is
converted into level signal via the electronic
components. The probe emits high frequency wave
pulses which travels along a cable probe or a rod
probe. When the wave pulse reaches the medium
surface, it will be reflected and received by the
receiver, and then the distance signal will be
converted into level signals.
CAPACITANCE LEVEL TRANSMITTERS

• Capacitance level transmitter is a most

reliable instrument where continuous level
monitoring is required. It can be used with
PLC, DCS, SCADA & Controllers.
ULTRASONIC LEVEL TRANSMITTERS

• Radix ultrasonic level transmitters are widely

used to measure and control level of liquids or
distance of any objects without establishing any
contact with it is well suitable for the application
where the liquid is perishable or corrosive or has
an harmful effect when touched (high
temperature. Ultrasonic level transmitters can
provide level monitoring of an entire system.
WIRELESS LEVEL TRANSMITTER

• ZGE205 is a wireless transmitter used to measure the

level of liquid and transmit it wirlessly to the receiver
ZGB201 or ZGB203 conntected to a PC for
datalogging. The level sensor design can be made to
customer specifications. It consists of a guide tube,
float & housing with electronic transmitter circuitry.
The level signal is measured by the sensor. The
wireless transmitter transmits level, % level,
transmitter internal, temperature,wireless signal
strength and battery condition to a receiver ZGB203
or ZGB201 after the pre-defined transmission interval
and data logging.
PIPING CONSIDERATION - Level sketch confirmation required from
instrument department.
- Hook up drawing to be considered for
MTO details at the time of isometric
- Level transmitter issue.
 - Operating & maintenance access to be
considered.
- Level sketch confirmation required from
instrument department.
- Hook up drawing to be considered for
MTO details at the time of isometric
issue.

Level Instruments on Stand Pipe

 INSTRUMENT
PRESSURE INDICATOR/GAUGE
WHAT IS PRESSURE INDICATOR ?
Instruments used to measure and display pressure in an
integral unit are called pressure gauges or vacuum
gauges. A manometer is a good example as it uses a
column of liquid to both measure and indicate pressure.
WORKING PROCESS
Most Trerice Pressure Gauges are constructed with a bourdon tube
sensing element. When the sensing element is subjected to pressure, it
flexes and the resulting motion is transmitted as a measurement through
a mechanical movement to the dial face pointer.
 WHERE IT IS USED?
PRESSURE INDICATOR
Electronic pressure indicator. The basis for an
electronic pressure indicator is formed by
the pressure sensor. It converts the measurement
parameter ofpressure into an electronic signal.
The advantage of electronic pressure
indicatorlies in the excellent dynamic
performance and the low material stress.
Arrangement

Plan
PIPING CONSIDERATION
- Operating & maintenance access to be considered
at the time of piping layout.
-Hook up drawing to be considered for MTO
details at the time of isometric issue.
 INSTRUMENT
TEMPERATURE INDICATOR/THERMOWEL
WHAT IS TEMPERATURE INDICATOR ?

Temperature indicators are designed for

temperature monitoring and analysis.
WORKING PROCESS
Each temperature indicator label contains many component parts, all
working together to give an accurate colour change when a temperature
is reached.
The key component at the core of the label is a number of active
layers – and remember we’re talking very, very thin layers. One of
these layers is a carefully formulated white wax which is located
over a layer of black paper. When heat is absorbed by the paper it
expands – like a sponge – whilst melting the wax. The wax seeps
through the black paper, giving the visual colour change from white
to black. A red paper can be used to give a white to red colour
change. This whole process takes a maximum of about 4 seconds,
with that time decreasing if a indicator temperature is exceeded
very quickly. All the labels are backed with adhesive and a good
seal to the surface is part of ensuring the indicator works well.
 WHERE IT IS USED?
TEMPERATURE INDICATOR
Temperature indicators are used to indicate the
driver regarding overheating or an abnormal
condition of the cooling system. For this purpose,
a temperature indicating light and/or gauge is
installed in the instrument panel of the car. Both
balancing-coil and bimetal thermostat type
gauges are in use for temperature indication. The
indicator light warns the driver about the
abnormal situation.
Arrangement

EXCHANGER

Plan
ELEVATION
PLAN

TW on Equipment Nozzle
Instruments on Vessel
Arrangement of
Temperature Gauge
Requirements of Thermo well Clearance

Dimensions in the above table are the distances

from the end of the coupling or the face of the flange,
required for insertion or removal of thermocouples.
PIPING CONSIDERATION
- Removal clearance to be considered at time of
piping layout.
-Hook up drawing to be considered for MTO
details at the time of isometric issue.
- Piping to review probe lenth requirement from
Instrument department.
- Thermowell access should be provided.
 INSTRUMENT
PRESSURE RELIEF/SAFETY VALVE
WHAT IS PRESSURE RELIEF/SAFETY VALVE ?

The Pressure relief valve (PRV/ PSV) is a type

of valve used to control or limit the pressure in a
system or vessel which can build up by a process
upset, instrument or equipment failure, or fire.
The PRV/ PSV opens when the system or vessel
pressure exceed the predetermined set pressure
to protect the piping sytem or vessel.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
SAFETY VALVE & RELIEF VALVE ?
Safety valves open fully once activated, while relief
valves open gradually. Relief Valve–is the term used to
describe relief device on a filled vessel. For such
a valvethe opening is proportional to increase in the
vessel pressure. ... When the set pressure of
the valve is reached, the valve opens almost fully.
WORKING PROCESS
Safety Valve is a one type of valve that
automatically actuates when the pressure of inlet
side of the valve increases to a predetermined
pressure, to open the valve disc and discharge the
fluid ( steam or gas ) ; and when the pressure
decreases to the prescribed value, to close
the valve disc again.
The pressure is relieved by allowing the
pressurised fluid to flow from an auxiliary passage
out of the system. The relief valve is designed or
set to open at a predetermined set pressure to
protect pressure vessels and other equipment from
being subjected to pressures that exceed their
design limits.
WHERE IT IS USED?
Purpose and function of Safety valves
The primary purpose of a safety valve is the protection of life,
property and environment. A safety valve is designed to open and
relieve excess pressure from vessels or equipment and to reclose and
prevent the further release of fluid after normal conditions have been
restored.
Purpose and function of Relief valves
The pressure is relieved by allowing the pressurised fluid to flow
from an auxiliary passage out of the system. The relief valve is
designed or set to open at a predetermined set pressure to
protect pressure vessels and other equipment from being
subjected to pressures that exceed their design limits.
PIPING CONSIDERATION
- Maintenance access to be considered at the time
of piping layout.
-Vendor drawing to be considered for inlet & outlet
flange rating, facing & size at the time of piping
layout.

- No pocket piping routing to be considered for

outlet piping to flare header at the time of piping
layout.