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ANEMII
ANEMII
Def:
scaderea hemoglobinei circulante totale
F Ht < 36% Hb < 12g%
B Ht < 39% Hb < 13%
EXAMENE DE LABORATOR
1. GR:4,2-5,5 mil/mmc
2.Ht: 45-54%
3. Hb:12-14(13-15)g%
4.VEM=Ht(%)x10/GR=85-95μ 3
5.CHEM=Hb(g%)x100/Ht=32-34%
6.HEM=Hb(g%)x10/GR(mil)=30-32pg
EXAMENE DE LABORATOR
7.Numaratoare de reticulocite:normal
sunt in jur de 50000/mm3
1.Clasificarea morfologica:
(7.5/15)(hemoglobin correction)
= 9 x _________________________ = 2.25
2 (maturation time correction)
Anemie
HLG,Ret
index<2 index>3
morfologiaE hemoliza/hemoragie
hipoproliferativa Tulburare de
maturatie
ANEMII HIPOPROLIFERATIVE (index reticulocitar < 2,5)
-Reprezinta ~ 75% din totalul anemiilor
-Reflecta insuficienta absoluta sau relativa a MO – M eritroida nu prolifereaza
adecvat gradului anemiei
Cauze
-Afectare medulara (aplazie, infiltrare, fibroza)
-Statusuri hipometabolice (malnutritia proteinocalorica, deficite
endocrine)
-Deficitul de Fe (inaintea aparitiei microcitelor hipocrome)
-Stimulare inadecvata a EPO
- IRen
- productiei EPO - CK proinflam. (IL1)
- necesarului tisular de O2 (hipotiroidism)
ETAPELE
DEFICTULUI
DE FIER
Causes of Iron Deficiency
Increased demand for iron and/or hematopoiesis
- rapid growth in infancy or adolescence
- pregnancy
- erythropoietin therapy
Increased iron loss
- chronic blood loss
- menses
- acute blood loss
- blood donation
- phlebotomy as treatment for polycythemia vera
Decreased iron intake, absorption, or use
- inadequate diet
- malabsorption from disease (sprue, Crohn's disease)
- malabsorption from surgery (post-gastrectomy)
- acute or chronic inflammation
TESTE DE LABORATOR
1. SIDEREMIA si TIBC
- Fe seric = nivelul Fe circulant legat de Transferina – N = 50 – 150 μg/dL
→ variatie diurna a valorilor
- TIBC = indicator indirect al Transferinei circulante – N = 300 – 360 μg/dL
- Saturatia Transferinei = Fe seric x 100 / TIBC – N = 25 – 50 %
- > 50 % = un nivel disproportionat de ↑ de Fe legat de transferina →
eliberat spre tesuturi noneritroide → daca e de lunga durata = pericol
supraincarcare tisulara cu Fe (intoxicatie cu Fe)
I. ANEMII CENTRALE
LDH seric
scaderea haptoglobinei
Fe seric
BI
reticulocitoza
hemoglobinemie
hemoglobinurie
hemosiderinurie
reticulocite
Sferocitoza ereditara Minkowski Chauffard
Fiziopatologie
Precipitate de Hb
- plasticitateredusa, distructie in S
- autoooxidareaHb, crize hemolitice accentuate de febra,
medicamente
Hb electroforetic normala
0
Dg. - incubatia cu hemoliza la 50 C
Corpi Heinz
HEMOGLOBINE CU AFINITATE ALTERATA PENTRU O2
-
HEMOGLOBINE CU AFINITATE ALTERATA PENTRU O2
Ereditare
1) scaderea capacitatii globinei de a mentine Fe++ (autosom. d.)
2) deficit in methemoglobin reductaza (autosom. recesiva )
Electroforeza Hb la pH 7,1-Hb