Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
distribution of diseases.
In
epidemiology we also try to find those factors
which influence the occurrence of diseases.
(e.g.: environmental, social, genetical, behavioural, etc.)
Attributable risk
Life years lost (To quantify the impact of a
Disability adjusted life year (DALY) disease or a risk factor in a
Quality adjusted life year (QALY) population)
Proportionate mortality ratio
• Simplest/oldest measure in epidemiology
Practically:
Person-time denominator = Sum of individual time periods
• Diseased, lost, late joined, etc → Particular time they spent in the study
• Other individuals = duration of the observation
Cumulative incidence Incidence density
.
Prevalence Rate
All cases of a disease in the population in a time period or a time point
Lifetime = Number of cases who ever had the disease during lifetime
Xk
prevalence Population at risk (at the begining of the period)
The bath of incidence and prevalence
Incident cases
Prevalent cases
Bhopal
The bath in the context of the population
Births
Recoveries
Incident cases
Bhopal
In fixed population:
Point Prevalence = Incidence rate x Average duration of the disease
Attributable risk
Life years lost (To quantify the impact of a
Disability adjusted life year (DALY) disease or a risk factor in a
Quality adjusted life year (QALY) population)
Proportionate mortality ratio
Number of cases
Incidence
Prevalence To describe disease frequency in a
Proportional mortality population
Standardized ratios
Attributable risk
Life years lost (To quantify the impact of a
Disability adjusted life year (DALY) disease or a risk factor in a
Quality adjusted life year (QALY) population)
Proportionate mortality ratio
Attributable risk (AR)
AR
PAR
I exposed – I non-exposed =
RR-1
ARF=
I exposed RR
May be expressed as percentage (ARF%)
• It shows that what proportion the incidence would decrease in the exposed
group if the risk factor was not present
Population attributable risk (PAR)
The excess incidence of the disease in the total population which
can be attributed to the exposure.
PAR = Ipopulation - Inon-exposed
1600
1458
1400
1200
971
1000 919
800
589
600
400 278
200 116
57
0
Quelle: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org
Quelle: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org
QUALY= Quality Adjusted Life Years