Consonant

chart
Mouth Me In!
 Mechanics
1. Each pair will be given a category between titles of
SONGS or titles of MOVIES.
2. One person from the pair will be the MOUTHER,
and his/her task is to mouth the title he/she picked
from the box without making any sound. The other
will be the GUESSER, and his task is to guess.
 Mechanics
3. Each pair will be given two minutes to guess with 10
strips of paper in their box.
4. It is allowed to pass if the GUESSER does not know
the answer.
5. The pair with the highest number of correct answer
within the given time wins.
 BILABIAL LABIODENTAL DENTAL ALVEOLAR PALATAL VELAR GLOTTAL
-V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V
STOPS
p b t d k g
FRICATIVES
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
AFFRICATES
tʃ dʒ
NASALS
m n ŋ
LIQUIDS
l, r
GLIDES
W j
Voiced and Voiceless
sounds
How Do We Produce Sound?

Trachea (windpipe)
Larynx

Vocal Cords
Lungs

Diaphragm
The VOCAL CORDS may
then take two positions:
1. When the vocal cords are
spread apart, the air from the lungs
passes between them unimpeded.
Sounds produced in this way are
described as VOICELESS.
 The VOCAL CORDS may
then take two positions:
2. When the vocal cords are drawn
together, the air from the lungs
repeatedly pushes them apart as it
passes through, creating a vibration
effect. Sounds produced in this way
are described as VOICED.
So, how do we know if it’s
VOICED or VOICELESS?
 TRY THESE:
1. Place a fingertip gently on the top of your
Adam’s apple or just below your chin then
produce sounds such as Z-Z-Z-Z or V-V-V-V.
If you’re done, then try S-S-S-S or F-F-F-F.
 TRY THESE:
2. Put a finger in each ear, not too far, and
again, produce the sounds Z-Z-Z-Z. After which,
produce the sound S-S-S-S.
Can you tell the difference?
 BILABIAL LABIODENTAL DENTAL ALVEOLAR PALATAL VELAR GLOTTAL
-V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V
STOPS
p b t d k g
FRICATIVES
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
AFFRICATES
tʃ dʒ
NASALS
m n ŋ
LIQUIDS
l, r
GLIDES
W j
place of
Articulation
 BILABIAL LABIODENTAL DENTAL ALVEOLAR PALATAL VELAR GLOTTAL
-V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V
STOPS
p b t d k g
FRICATIVES
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
AFFRICATES
tʃ dʒ
NASALS
m n ŋ
LIQUIDS
l, r
GLIDES
W j
PLACE OF ARTICULATION
• Most consonants are
produced by using the tongue
and other parts of the mouth
to constrict the shape of the
oral cavity through which the
air is passing.
PLACE OF ARTICULATION
• The PLACE OF
ARTICULATION is the
location inside the mouth at
which constriction takes
place.
 1. Bilabials
• Sounds formed using both ( = bi)
upper lip and lower lips ( = labia)
 BILABIAL LABIODENTAL DENTAL ALVEOLAR PALATAL VELAR GLOTTAL
-V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V
STOPS
p b t d k g
FRICATIVES
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
AFFRICATES
tʃ dʒ
NASALS
m n ŋ
LIQUIDS
l, r
GLIDES
W j
 1. Bilabials
• [p] – pat, plant, beep, stop
• [b] – bat, bake, blob, tomb
• [m] – mat, make, drum, mushroom
• [w] – way, world, ward
2. Labiodentals
• Sounds formed with
the upper teeth and
the lower lip.
 BILABIAL LABIODENTAL DENTAL ALVEOLAR PALATAL VELAR GLOTTAL
-V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V
STOPS
p b t d k g
FRICATIVES
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
AFFRICATES
tʃ dʒ
NASALS
m n ŋ
LIQUIDS
l, r
GLIDES
W j
2. Labiodentals
• [f] – safe, cough,
photo
• [v] – save, violin,
valley
 3. Dentals
• Sounds formed with
the tongue tip
behind the upper
front teeth.
 BILABIAL LABIODENTAL DENTAL ALVEOLAR PALATAL VELAR GLOTTAL
-V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V
STOPS
p b t d k g
FRICATIVES
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
AFFRICATES
tʃ dʒ
NASALS
m n ŋ
LIQUIDS
l, r
GLIDES
W j
 3. Dentals
• [θ] – “theta”
three, teeth, thick
• [ð] – “eth”
the, there, though
4. Alveolars
• Sounds formed with
the front part of
the tongue on the
alveolar ridge.
 BILABIAL LABIODENTAL DENTAL ALVEOLAR PALATAL VELAR GLOTTAL
-V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V
STOPS
p b t d k g
FRICATIVES
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
AFFRICATES
tʃ dʒ
NASALS
m n ŋ
LIQUIDS
l, r
GLIDES
W j
4. Alveolars
• [t] – top, train, want
• [s] – sit, song, success
• [d] – dip, duck, stand
• [z] – zoo, buzz, raise
• [n] – not, knot, known
• [l] – lap, snail, ball
• [r] – right, write, car
 4. Palatals
• Sounds formed with
the hard palate
and the tongue.
 BILABIAL LABIODENTAL DENTAL ALVEOLAR PALATAL VELAR GLOTTAL
-V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V
STOPS
p b t d k g
FRICATIVES
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
AFFRICATES
tʃ dʒ
NASALS
m n ŋ
LIQUIDS
l, r
GLIDES
W j
 4. Palatals
• [ʃ] – “sh”
shoe, brush, cash
• [tʃ] – “ch”
chance, search, church
 4. Palatals
• [ʒ] – treasure, pleasure,
rouge
• [dʒ] – joke, gem, judge,
George
• [j] – you, yet, yesterday
5. Velars
• Sounds formed with
the back part of
the tongue against
the velum.
 BILABIAL LABIODENTAL DENTAL ALVEOLAR PALATAL VELAR GLOTTAL
-V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V
STOPS
p b t d k g
FRICATIVES
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
AFFRICATES
tʃ dʒ
NASALS
m n ŋ
LIQUIDS
l, r
GLIDES
W j
5. Velars
• [k] – kid, cold, cook,
kick, coke
• [g] – go, bag, plague
• [ŋ] – “angma”
sing, sang, tongue
 5. Glottal
• There is one sound that is
produced without the active use
of the tongue and other parts
of the mouth. The “glottis” is the
space between the vocal cords
and the larynx.
 BILABIAL LABIODENTAL DENTAL ALVEOLAR PALATAL VELAR GLOTTAL
-V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V
STOPS
p b t d k g
FRICATIVES
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
AFFRICATES
tʃ dʒ
NASALS
m n ŋ
LIQUIDS
l, r
GLIDES
W j
 5. Glottal
• [h] – have, house, who,
whose
manner of
Articulation
 BILABIAL LABIODENTAL DENTAL ALVEOLAR PALATAL VELAR GLOTTAL
-V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V
STOPS
p b t d k g
FRICATIVES
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
AFFRICATES
tʃ dʒ
NASALS
m n ŋ
LIQUIDS
l, r
GLIDES
W j
MANNER OF ARTICULATION

• The MANNER OF
ARTICULATION is how the
sounds are articulated.
1. Stops (Plosives)
• Sounds produced by
some form of “stopping”
of the air stream (very
briefly) then letting it go
abruptly.
 BILABIAL LABIODENTAL DENTAL ALVEOLAR PALATAL VELAR GLOTTAL
-V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V
STOPS
p b t d k g
FRICATIVES
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
AFFRICATES
tʃ dʒ
NASALS
m n ŋ
LIQUIDS
l, r
GLIDES
W j
1. Stops (Plosives)
• [p] – pad, sap
• [b] – bed, tomb
• [t] – take, bait
• [d] – date, said
• [k] – cut, sock
• [g] – got, sag
2. Fricatives
• Sounds produced by
almost blocking the air
stream and having the air
push through the very
narrow opening causing a
certain friction.
 BILABIAL LABIODENTAL DENTAL ALVEOLAR PALATAL VELAR GLOTTAL
-V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V
STOPS
p b t d k g
FRICATIVES
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
AFFRICATES
tʃ dʒ
NASALS
m n ŋ
LIQUIDS
l, r
GLIDES
W j
2. Fricatives
• [f] – fan, safe
• [v] – vase, save
• [θ] – breath, worth
• [ð] – breathe, worthy
• [s] – say, is
2. Fricatives
• [z] – zebra, cheese
• [ʃ] – shadow, rush
• [ʒ] – usual, prestige
• [h] – hi, how
3. Affricates
• Sounds produced by
combining a brief stop of
the air stream with an
obstructed release which
causes some friction.
 BILABIAL LABIODENTAL DENTAL ALVEOLAR PALATAL VELAR GLOTTAL
-V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V
STOPS
p b t d k g
FRICATIVES
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
AFFRICATES
tʃ dʒ
NASALS
m n ŋ
LIQUIDS
l, r
GLIDES
W j
3. Affricates

• [tʃ] – chain, beach

• [dʒ] – jeep, badge
 4. Nasals
• Sounds produced when
the velum is lowered and
the air stream is allowed
to flow out through the
nose.
 BILABIAL LABIODENTAL DENTAL ALVEOLAR PALATAL VELAR GLOTTAL
-V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V
STOPS
p b t d k g
FRICATIVES
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
AFFRICATES
tʃ dʒ
NASALS
m n ŋ
LIQUIDS
l, r
GLIDES
W j
 4. Nasals
• [m] – moon, zoom
• [n] – name, woman
• [ŋ] – morning, lung
5. Liquids
 BILABIAL LABIODENTAL DENTAL ALVEOLAR PALATAL VELAR GLOTTAL
-V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V
STOPS
p b t d k g
FRICATIVES
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
AFFRICATES
tʃ dʒ
NASALS
m n ŋ
LIQUIDS
l, r
GLIDES
W j
5. Liquids
• [l] – formed by letting the
airstream flow around the sides
of the tongue as the tip of the
tongue makes contact with the
middle of the alveolar ridge
e.g. lament, sell
5. Liquids
• [r] – formed with the tongue
tip raised and curled back
near the alveolar ridge

e.g. run, summer

 6. Glides
• Sounds produced with the
tongue in motion (or
“gliding”) to or from the
position of a vowel and
sometimes called semi-
vowels.
 BILABIAL LABIODENTAL DENTAL ALVEOLAR PALATAL VELAR GLOTTAL
-V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V
STOPS
p b t d k g
FRICATIVES
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
AFFRICATES
tʃ dʒ
NASALS
m n ŋ
LIQUIDS
l, r
GLIDES
W j
 6. Glides

• [w] – warm, west

• [j] – yarn, yellow
Glottal Stops
and
Flaps
1. Glottal Stop
• [ʔ] – occurs when the
space between the glottis
is closed completely (very
briefly), then released.
• Try saying “Uh oh!”
1. Glottal Stop
• Usually, Cockneys
replace [h] and [t]
with a glottal stop.
1. Glottal Stop
• Batman
• Butter
• Harry Potter
 1. Flaps
• [D] or sometimes [ɾ]–
produced by the tongue
tip tapping the alveolar
ridge briefly.
 1. Flaps
• This case is shown, for
example, you are a
person who pronounces
the word butter in a way
that is close to “budder”.
 1. Flaps
• Some Americans do not show distinct
middle consonants of the following
words because of making a flap:
latter – ladder
writer – rider
metal – medal
 BILABIAL LABIODENTAL DENTAL ALVEOLAR PALATAL VELAR GLOTTAL
-V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V -V +V
STOPS
p b t d k g
FRICATIVES
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
AFFRICATES
tʃ dʒ
NASALS
m n ŋ
LIQUIDS
l, r
GLIDES
W j
Thank
you!