Grouping of nutrients

 Makronutriens : carbohydrates, proteins, fats.

 Micronutriens : vitamins and minerals
Karbohidrat
 Carbohydrates are the cheapest source of primary
calories for most of the world's population.
 Each 1 g carbohydrate can contribute 4 kcal of energy.
 In the human body, carbohydrates can be formed from
some amino acids and some of the fat glycerol,
 but most of the carbohydrates are obtained from food
ingredients eaten daily, especially from plants
Carbohydrate Adequacy
 According to Hardinsyah and Briawan (1994), the
contribution of energy from carbohydrates to energy
intake is recommended 60-80%.
 Widyakarya National Food and Nutrition (2004), in
general the energy composition of carbohydrates is 50-
65%,
 The American Cancer Society recommends eating 20-
30 g of fiber a day.
Protein
 Protein is the main functional and structural
component of the cells in the body.
 All enzymes, carrier in the blood, intracellular matrix,
and most hormones are composed of proteins.
 Proteins make up about 20% of the adult's normal
weight
 Nutrional Adequacy Rate
(AKG) in 2004

the pattern of protein needs

per kg body weight/day
increased rapidly until the
late teens.
then constant in
adolescence and adulthood,
ie 0,66 g/kk body
weight/day.
Fats
 1 g of fat can contribute 9 kcal of energy,
 Fat and oil play an important role in maintaining the
health of the human body
 increase the amount of energy and add a delicious dish
Fat Adequacy
 the energy contribution of fat should not exceed 25%,
 energy consumption of saturated fatty acids should
not exceed 10%
 PUFA consumption is at least 3% of energy intake
 the consumption of trans unsaturated fatty acids is not
more than 2% of the energy intake
Vitamins
 Vitamins are defined as organic substances that are
needed in relatively small amounts
 but is essential for normal growth and health
maintenance
 should always be available in food because it can not
be synthesized by the body
 Vitamin Larut Lemak Vitamin Larut Air
No Jenis No Jenis
1. Vit A/Axerophtol/ 1. Vit B1/Thiamin/Anti beri-beri
Antixerophthalmic vit/ Vit/Antineuritic factor/
Anti-infective vit Morale vit
2. Vit D/Calciferol/Antirachitic/ 2. Vit B2/Riboflavin/Lactoflavin/
Ricket preventive vit Ovoflavin/Hepatoflavin/
3. Vit E/Tocopherol/ Anti-sterility Verdoflavin
Vit 3. Vit B3/Niacin/Nicotinic acid/
4. Vit K/Quinone/Anti-hemor-rhagic factor Anti pellagra factor/Anti
blacktongue factor
4. Vit B6/Pyridoxine
5. Pantothenic acid/antidermatitic
factor
6. Biotin/Anti eggwhite injury
factor
7. Vit B11/Folacin/Pteroyl Glu-
tamic Acid (PGA)/Red
blood cell formation
8. Vit B12/Cobalamin/Anti per-
nicious anemi/ Erythro-
cyte Maturation Factor
(EMF)/Animal protein
factor
9. Vit C/Ascorbic acid/antiscor-
Butum
Minerals
 Minerals come in two types:
 Macro minerals are minerals that the body needs in
amounts of ≥100 mg per day. Macro minerals contain ≥
0.01% in the body
 Micro-minerals required body <100 mg per day and for
the body to be required <0.01% of total body weight
Klasifikasi mineral
No Mineral Mikro Persen berat Badan
No. Mineral Persen berat
.
Makro Badan 1 Iron (abad 17) 0.004
2 Zinc (1934) 0.002
1 Calcium 1.5-2.2
3 Selenium (1957) 0.0003
2 Phosporus 0.8-1.2 4 Mn (1931) 0.0002
5 Copper (1928) 0.00015
3 Potassium 0.35
6 Iodine (1850) 0.00004
4 Sulfur 0.25 7 Molybdenum (1953) -
8 Cobal (1935) -
5 Clorine 0.15
9 Chronium (1959) -
6 Sodium 0.15 10 Fluorine (1972) -
11 Silicon (1972) -
7 Magnesium 0.05
12 Vanadium (1971) -
13 Nikel (1971) -
14 Arsenic (1980) -