Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
MENGAPA ADA
PENELITIAN
KUALITATIF DAN
KUANTITATIF
TENTANG PARADIGMA
APA ITU PARADIGMA
“A paradigm of choices rejects
methodological orthodoxy in favour of
methodological appropriateness as the
primary criterion for judging
methodological quality ”
2
SCIENTIFIC PARADIGMS
• QUANTITATIVE and QUALITATIVE
research may largely be seen as existing
within two separate scientific paradigms.
– QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH is rooted in the
Positivist paradigm.
– QUALITATIVE RESEARCH is rooted in the
Interpretive paradigm.
Approaches to Research 3
THE POSITIVIST PARADIGM
5
POSITIVIST INTERPRETIVE
• QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
– Descriptive (who, how many, where, when, how
often)
– Analytic (why – causal links)
– Applied (test interventions – what change)
• QUANTITATIVE METHODS
– On their own do not offer sufficient understanding
of the complex web of relationships between the
factors that determine health and disease
8
Elements of the Research Process
THEORY
HYPOTHESIS
OBSERVATION
CONFIRMATION
9
10
Elements of the Research Process (Cont.)
OBSERVATION
PATTERNS
HYPOTHESIS
THEORY
11
12
Deductive Thinking
Top down
KUALITATIF
KUANTITATIF
15