Module 1

SAS
Chapter 1: Installation of SAS

By: Algae Services

Author: <Saravanan Palanivel>
Email: ops@algaeservices.co.in
Course: http://tutorials.algaeservice.com/
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  Chapter 1: Getting Started Using SAS Software
The SAS Language
SAS Data Sets
The Two Parts of a SAS Program
The DATA Step’s Built-in Loop
Choosing a Mode for Submitting SAS Programs
Submitting a Program in the SAS Windowing Environment
Viewing Your Results in the Output Window
Creating HTML Output
SAS Data Libraries
Viewing Data Sets with SAS Explorer Using SAS System Options

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About Us

Author: Algae Services

Have Decade of experience in Corporate Training, Classroom
sessions in different streams of Technology.
• Expertise in Big Data technologies , ERP, Re-Engineering,
Database Technologies, Data modeling.
• Worked with top service and product companies like
Wipro , Volvo , TVS , TEG ANALYTICS, General Electrics ,
Royal Bank of Scotland , Verizon etc.
• Worked with Universities like Jain University , RGTU,
Praxis, IMS Pro School.
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Agenda

History of SAS
Installation of SAS
Working Principles
of SAS Program
SAS Processing
Sample program
Summary
Questions

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History of SAS

• SAS began at North Carolina State

University as a project to analyze
agricultural research. As demand for
such software grew, SAS was founded in
1976.
• SAS is used at more than 50,000 sites in
over 127 countries, including 93 of the
top 100 companies on the 2011 Fortune
Global 500® list.

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Statistical Analysis Software (SAS)

• An integrated system that enables us to perform

– Data entry, retrieval and management
– Report writing and graphics
– Statistical and Mathematical Analysis
– Business planning, forecasting and DS
– Quality, OR and project management
– Application Development
– Business Intelligence and Data Warehousing(BIDW)

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Why SAS?

• Platform Independence
• Portability
• Data Access from diverse sources
• Powerful Tools for various Business needs
• Data warehousing Made Easy
• Single integrated system

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SAS System Architecture

--- -- -- -- ---- --- --- --- ---

-Raw File -
--- ----------- - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - --- -- - - - - - - - -
Graphs

SAS Drill
RDBMS
Down
Reports

ERP/Legacy

Files

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SAS Usage – Solution Wise
• Analytics
• Business Analytics
• Business Intelligence
• Customer Intelligence
• Data Management
• Fraud & Financial Crimes
• IT Management
• OnDemand Solutions
• Performance Management
• Risk Management
• SAS® 9.4
• Supply Chain Intelligence
• Sustainability Management
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SAS Usage – Industry Wise
• Casinos
• Communications
• Education
• Financial Services
• Government
• Health Insurance
• Health Care Providers
• Hotels
• Insurance
• Life Sciences
• Manufacturing
• Media
• Oil & Gas
• Retail
• Travel & Transportation
• Utilities
• Small to Midsize Business

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Base SAS

• Data access
• Management
• Analysis
• Presentation

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Example

• With SAS, we can join Oracle data on a mainframe

computer with an existing SAS data set, create new
variables (columns), and produce an interactive graph on
PC.

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Managing Data

• After we have accessed relevant data, we can use the

SAS programming language to manipulate it any way
we choose.

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For Example:
We can do the following, like

• Format the data

• Create variables (columns)

• Use operators to evaluate data values

• Use functions to create and recode data values

• Subset data

• Perform conditional processing

• Merge a wide range of data sources

• Create, retrieve and update database information

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Analyzing Data and Presenting Information

• Once our data is in shape, we can use SAS to analyze data

and produce reports. Our SAS output can range from a
simple listing of a data set to customized reports of complex
relationships.

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Analysis
• Base SAS provides powerful data analysis tools.

For example, we can

– Produce tables, frequency counts, and cross-tabulation tables

– Create a variety of charts and plots

– Compute a variety of descriptive statistics, including the mean, sum, variance, standard deviation and
more

– Compute correlations and other measures of association, as well as multi-way cross-tabulations and
inferential statistics.

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Presentation

• For reporting and displaying analytical results, SAS gives us an

almost limitless number of visually appealing output formats, such
as
– An array of markup languages including HTML and XML
– Output that is formatted for a high-resolution printer, such PDFs
and RTF
– Color graphs that you can make interactive using ActiveX
controls or Java applets.

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Explore the SAS Workspace

• SAS is designed to be easy to use. It provides windows

for accomplishing all the basic SAS tasks we need to
do.
• When we first start SAS, the five main SAS windows
open:
The Explorer, Results, Program Editor or Editor, Log,
and Output windows.

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SAS Windowing Environment
When you first start SAS, the five main SAS windows open: the
Explorer, Results, Program Editor or Editor, Log, and Output
windows.

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View of Explorer Window
 In the Explorer window, we can view and manage our SAS files and create shortcuts to files
that are not formatted by SAS. Use this window to
 Create new SAS libraries and SAS files
 Open any SAS file
 Perform most file management tasks such as moving, copying, and deleting files
 Create file shortcuts.

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View of Editor Window
• We can use the window to enter, edit and submit SAS programs:

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View of Log Window

• The Log window displays messages about our SAS

session and any SAS programs that we submit.

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View of Output Window

• The Output window displays the output from SAS programs

that we submit. It automatically opens or moves to the
front of our display when we create output.

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View of Output Window – HTML Format

• If we create HTML output, we can view it in the Results

Viewer window, which is the internal browser for SAS.

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View of Result Window
• The Results window helps us to navigate and manage output from SAS
programs that we submit. We can view, save, and print individual items of
output.
• The Results window is empty until we submit a SAS program that creates
output. Then it opens or moves to the front of our display.

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Working with SAS Data sets
Before we can work with our data in SAS, it must be in a special form called a SAS
data set. Conceptually, a SAS data set (also called a table) is a file containing
descriptor information and related data values. The file is organized as a table of
observations (rows) and variables (columns) that SAS can process. Some SAS
data sets also contain an index, which enables SAS to locate records in the
data set.

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Descriptor Portion

• Descriptor Portion
– Name of the data set
– Date and time the data set was created
– Number of observations
– Number of variables.
– Each variable's name, type, length, format, informat,
and label.

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Data Portion

• Data Portion
– Tabular Arrangement of data
– Contains Observations and Variables
– Variables can be either Character or numeric
– Character variables can be up to 32K long
– Numeric Values stored as floating point variables have
a default length of 8 bytes
– SAS can handle up to 32,767 variables
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Contd..

To work with SAS data sets, you also need to understand how they
are stored. All SAS files are stored in a SAS library, which is a
collection of files
such as SAS data sets and catalogs. In the Windows and Unix
environments, a
SAS library is typically a group of SAS files in the same folder or
directory.

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Library and Data Sets

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Layout of SAS Programs

• SAS Programs used to access, analyze, manage and present

data
• SAS Statements
– Case insensitive
– Free Format
– Ends with a semicolon
• Styles for Comment - *statement; or /* …*/

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Part of SAS Programs
• Data Step
• TO CREATE DATA SETS
– Put your data into a SAS data set
– Compute the values for new variables
– Check for and correct errors in your data
– Produce new SAS data sets by subsetting, merging, and updating existing data sets.

• Proc Step
• PROCESS DATA SETS
– Print a report
– Produce descriptive statistics
– Create a tabular report
– Produce plots and charts.

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SAS Variables and File Names
• NAMES
– 1 TO 32 CHARACTERS IN LENGTH
– START WITH LETTER (A THRU Z) AND _
– CAN BE A COMBINATION OF NUMBERS/LETTERS
– Blanks cannot appear in SAS names.
• VARIABLES
– CHARACTER
– NUMERIC
• FILENAMES
– 2 LEVEL
– LIB - WORK/PERMANENT
• Example:-
– Payroll
– Budget1995_1997
– _Students

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Processing SAS Programs

• When we submit a SAS program, SAS software reads the

statements and checks them for errors.
• When it encounters a DATA, PROC, or RUN statement, SAS
software stops reading statements and executes the current
step in the program. In our sample program, each step ends
with a RUN statement.
• Example:-
Data Libname.New_dsname;
Set Libname.Old_dsname;
run;
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• Questions

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Contact Us

– Thanks
– Algae Services
– www.algaeservices.co.in
– http://tutorials.algaeservice.com/
– BTM Bangalore

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