Sigma Institute Of Engineering

Department Of Electrical Engineering

Bakrol, Vadodara

ACTIVE LEARNING ASSIGNMENT TOPIC:

TYPES OF RELAY

Prepared by: Guided by:

Rana Mitesh (150500109531)
MR. BHAVIK PRAJAPATI
SIE, Bakrol, Vadodara
• Contents:

 Definition of relay
 Classification of relay
 Different terms related to relay
 Different types of electromagnetic relay and their
construction and principle
 Relay :
 A relay is an electrically operated switch.
 Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching
mechanism mechanically, but other principles are also
used.
 If fault occurs in system then relay gives signal to circuit
breaker.
 Classification of Relay
 Relays are classified on different basis which are
follows :
 Electrical Relay ( Based on current, voltage, power)
 Mechanical Relay ( Based on pressure, force, velocity)
 According to construction:
 Electromagnetic relays are classified as follows:
1. Electromagnetic attraction type relay
2. Electromagnetic induction type relay
 Electromagnetic attraction type relay are classified as:
1. Attract armature type relay
2. Solenoid beam type relay
3. Balance beam type relay
 Electromagnetic induction type relay are classified as:
1. Shaded pole type
2. Watt hour meter type
3. Induction cup type
 According to application:
• Over voltage, over current, over power
• Under voltage, under current, under power
• Directional relay And non directional relay
• Differential relay
 According to characteristics:
• Instantaneous relay
• Inverse time current relay
• Inverse definite minimum time current relay
• Extremely inverse relay
• Inverse relay
 Different terms related to relay
 Pick up: The pickup value or level value of operating
quantity which is on border above which the relay operated
and closes it contacts.
 Re-set(drop-out): The value of current or voltage below
which the relay re-set and comes back to original position.
 Pick up ratio: The ratio of drop out value to pick up value is
known as pick up ratio.
 Current setting: The pick up current is adjusted to
require value. This is known as current setting.
 Plug setting multiplier: The coil is provided with several
tapping and plugging arrangement. Each plug setting
corresponding to number of turns in coil. By including
more number of turns in circuit Amp turns are increased
and relay operated for less value of current.
 Time setting multiplier: The relay is generally provided
with control to adjust time of operation. This adjustment
is known as time setting multiplier.
ELECTROMAGNETIC ATTRACTION TYPE
RELAY:
1) Attracted armature type relay : Figure shows the schematic
arrangement of an attracted armature type relay.

 It consists of a laminated electromagnet M carrying a coil C and a

pivoted laminated armature. The armature is balanced by a
counterweight and carries a pair of spring contact fingers at its free
end.
 Under normal operating conditions, the current through the relay
coil C is such that counterweight holds the armature in the
position shown.
 However, when a short-circuit occurs, the current through the
relay coil increases sufficiently and the relay armature is
attracted upwards.
 The contacts on the relay armature bridge a pair of stationary
contacts attached to the relay frame. This completes the trip
circuit which results in the opening of the circuit breaker and,
therefore, in the disconnection of the faulty circuit.
2) Solenoid Type Relay : Figure shows the schematic
arrangement of a solenoid type relay. It consists of a
solenoid and movable iron plunger arranged as shown.
 Under normal operating conditions , current through the
relay coil C is such that it holds the plunger by gravity or
spring in the position shown.
 However, on the occurrence of a fault, the current through the
relay coil becomes more than the pickup value, causing the
plunger to be attracted to the solenoid.
 The upward movement of the plunger closes the trip circuit, thus
opening the circuit breaker and disconnecting the faulty circuit.

 3) Balance Beam Type Relay : Figure shows the schematic

arrangement of a balanced beam type relay.
 It consists of an iron armature fastened to a balance beam. Under
normal operating conditions, the current through the relay coil is
such that the beam is held in the horizontal position by the spring.
 However, when a fault occurs, the current through the relay coil
becomes greater than the pickup value and the beam is attracted
to close the trip circuit. This causes the opening of the circuit
breaker to isolate the faulty circuit.
 Electromagnetic induction type relay:
1)Watt Hour meter type relay: This structure is similar as watt hour
meter. So it is known as watt hour meter relay.

 It consists of two electromagnet upper magnet and lower magnet.

Aluminium disc arrange to rotate freely between poles of
magnet.
 The upper magnet carries two windings primary and secondary.
The primary winding carries current I1 while secondary winding
is connected to lower magnet.
 Primary current induced emf in secondary winding. So circulate
current I2 in it. The flux induced in lower magnet by current in
secondary winding of upper magnet.
 Two fluxes is different in phase which produce driving torque.
Therefore, force is exerted on disc and it will rotate.
2) Shaded pole type: It consist of an aluminium disc which is free
to rotate in air gap of electromagnet.
 The part of pole face of each pole is shaded with help of copper
band . This is called shading ring
 The total flux produced due to the alternating current split into
two fluxes displaced in time and space due to shading ring.

 Due to alternating flux e.m.f. gets induced in shading ring. This

e.m.f. drives current causing flux to exist in shaded portion.
 Due to this torque is produced. This torque is proportional to
the square of the current through coil.
3)Induction cup type relay: It is just like induction motor accept that
the rotor iron is stationary only rotor conductor is free to rotate.

 The moving element is hollow cylindrical which rotate its own

axis. The rotating field is produced by two pole of pairs.
 The rotating field induced current in the cup to provide necessary
torque.
 A control spring carried on arm are attached to the spindle of the
cup to prevent the continuous rotation.
 References:
 http://www.electricaledition.com/2015/09/electromagnetic-attraction-relays-
construction-working-principle-protection.html
 https://www.google.co.in/search?q=electromagnetic+induction+relay+ppt&rlz=1C2SA
VO_enIN670IN670&biw=1366&bih=662&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahU
KEwjL6vjLla3PAhUIN48KHTk5APQQ_AUIBigB
Thank You . . .