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Chapter 4
Inductance and Capacitance
4.1 Inductors
4.2 Relationship between voltage, current, power
and energy of inductor
4.3 Capacitors
4.4 Relationship between voltage, current, power
and energy of capacitor
4.5 Combination of inductor and capacitor in series
and parallel circuit
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4.1 Inductors (1)
An inductor is a passive element designed to store
energy in its magnetic field.
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4.1 Inductors (2)
Inductance is the property whereby an inductor
exhibits opposition to the change of current flowing
through it, measured in henrys (H).
di N2 A
vL and L
dt l
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4.2 Relationship between voltage, current,
power and energy of inductor
The current-voltage relationship of an inductor:
1 t
i
L t0
v (t ) d t i (t 0 )
1
w L i2
2
• An inductor acts like a short circuit to dc (di/dt = 0)
and its current cannot change abruptly.
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4.2 Relationship between voltage, current,
power and energy of inductor
Example 5
The terminal voltage of a 2-H inductor is
v = 10(1-t) V
Find the current flowing through it at
t = 4 s and the energy stored in it within
0 < t < 4 s.
Assume i(0) = 2 A.
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1
w L i2
2
i i @ 0s = 2A
0 < t < 4 s.
i @ 4s = -18A
L = 2H
@ t 4s @ t 0s
1 1
w .2. (18) 2 w .2. (2) 2
2 2
324 4
w @(0 t 4) 324 4
320
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4.3 Capacitors (1)
A capacitor is a passive element designed to store
energy in its electric field.
qC v A
and C
d
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4.4 Relationship between voltage, current,
power and energy of capacitor (1)
If i is flowing into the +ve
terminal of C
Charging => i is +ve
Discharging => i is –ve
dv 1 t
iC
dt
and v
C
t0
i d t v(t0 )
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4.4 Relationship between voltage, current,
power and energy of capacitor (2)
The energy, w, stored in the
capacitor is
1
w C v2
2
• A capacitor is
– an open circuit to dc (dv/dt = 0).
– its voltage cannot change abruptly.
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4.4 Relationship between voltage, current,
power and energy of capacitor (3)
Example 1
The current through a 100-F capacitor is
Answer:
v(1ms) = 93.14mV
v(5ms) = 1.7361V
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solution
C=100-F
1 t
v
C
t0
i d t v(t0 ) v(0) =0
i(t) = 50 sin(120 t) mA.
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4.4 Relationship between voltage, current,
power and energy of capacitor (4)
Example 2
Answer:
v(2ms) = 100 mV
v(5ms) = 400 mV
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Solution: 100/2t =50t 1-mF capacitor
1 t
v
C
t0
i d t v(t0 )
1 6 6
𝑣 = න 100𝑑𝑡 = 100𝑡| × 103
𝐶 2 2
𝑣 = 600 − 200 103
v = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝐦𝐕
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Series and Parallel
Capacitors (1)
The equivalent capacitance of N parallel-connected
capacitors is the sum of the individual capacitances.
C eq C1 C 2 ... C N
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Series and Parallel
Capacitors (2)
The equivalent capacitance of N series-connected
capacitors is the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals
of the individual capacitances.
1 1 1 1
...
Ceq C1 C2 CN
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Series and Parallel
Capacitors (3)
Example 3
Find the equivalent capacitance seen at the terminals of
the circuit in the circuit shown below:
Answer:
Ceq = 40F
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solution
1) 50 + 70 = 120
2) 60||120 = 40
3) 20 + 40 = 60
4) 120||60 = 40
Answer:
Ceq = 40F
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Series and Parallel
Capacitors (4)
Example 4
Find the voltage across each of the capacitors in the
circuit shown below:
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solution
60 V
Answer:
v1 = 30V
We can apply Voltage 30 v2 = 30V
v3 30 10
divider equation:
40 60 30 v3 = 10V
v1, 2 60 30
40 40 60
v4 30 20 v4 = 20V
60 30
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Series and Parallel
Inductors (1)
The equivalent inductance of series-connected
inductors is the sum of the individual inductances.
Leq L1 L2 ... LN
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Series and Parallel
Inductors (2)
• The equivalent capacitance of parallel inductors is the
reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the individual
inductances.
1 1 1 1
...
Leq L1 L2 LN
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Series and Parallel
Capacitors (3)
Example 7
Calculate the equivalent inductance for the inductive
ladder network in the circuit shown below:
Answer:
Leq = 25mH
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4.5 Combination of inductor and capacitor
in series and parallel circuit
Example 6
Determine vc, iL, and the energy stored in the capacitor and
inductor in the circuit of circuit shown below under dc
conditions.
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solution
Under dc condition, the circuit is equivalent to:
6
10 = 𝟕. 𝟓 𝑨
6+2
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to store energy
in its magnetic N A 2
field. L
l
inductor
1 t
i
L
t0
v (t ) d t i (t 0 )
acts like a short
1 2
w Li
circuit to dc
2
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to store energy in
its electric field. A
C
d
Capacitor
dv
iC
dt
1 t open circuit to dc
v
C
t0
i d t v(t0 )
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4.5 Combination of inductor and capacitor
in series and parallel circuit
Try this!
Determine vc, iL, and the energy stored in the capacitor and
inductor in the circuit of circuit shown below under dc
conditions.
Answer:
iL = 3A
vC = 3V
wL = 1.125J
wC = 9J
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Series and Parallel
Capacitors (4)
Current and voltage relationship for R, L, C
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