Host Parasite

Relationship

Eddy Bagus Wasito

 Host
 Anatomy : skin, mucosa, sneeze refleks, cough refleks,
peristaltic, urine flow, ciliated epithel cell
 Chemis : fatty acid, acidity, mucous, lysozyme, sIgA,
bile, digestive enzyme(s), interferon, complement
 Biologic : normal flora
 Phagocytosis : Phagocyte
 Inflammation
 Humoral immune respon : antibody, interferon
 Cell mediated immunity : T-cell (cytotoxic suppressor
or helper effect)

Eddy Bagus Wasito, 2013

 Host…
 Normal flora / resident flora / indigenous flora /
microflora : the accumulation of microorganisms
found on/in the human host which in the absence of
disease they are considered harmless and in most cases
beneficial to the host
 Colonization : the process where microbes live on a
surface (mucosa or petriplates)
 Inflammation : a natural nonspecific response to tissue
injury or invasion by a foreign substance
 Infection : the process when a microorganism enters a
host, invades and multiplies
Eddy Bagus Wasito, 2013
 Parasite
 Pathogen : a microorganism which cause disease
when it encounters a susceptible host
 Potential Pathogen : microorganisms which are
often normal flora but under certain
circumstances may overcome host defenses and
cause disease
 Pathogenic/pathogenicity : the ability to cause
disease

Eddy Bagus Wasito, 2013

 Parasite …
 Pathogen(s) : mumps, measles, chicken pox, herpes;
V.cholerae, C.diphtheriae, M.tuberculosis,
N.gonorrhoeae, T.pallidum, Y.pestis; dermatophytic
fungi, C.immitis; tapeworms, Plasmodia, E.histolytica
 Potential Pathogen(s) : S.pneumoniae, N.meningitidis,
H.influenzae, S.aureus, Enterobacteriaceae,
Enterococcus, coagulase negative S.aureus

Eddy Bagus Wasito, 2013

 Parasite …
 Virulence : the degree of intensity of
pathogenecity of a microorganism as indicated
by case fatality rate and/or ability to invade host
tissues and cause disease
 Virulence factor(s) : factor(s) that contribute to
the pathogenic potential of a microorganism

Eddy Bagus Wasito, 2013

 Parasite …
 Virulence factor(s) : pili/adhesin, capsule/slime
layer, toxin (exo / endo), extracellular enzyme,
invasiveness

Eddy Bagus Wasito, 2013

 Parasite …
 Exotoxin : protein, specific action, potent, heat
labile, toxoid, chromosomal/extra
chromosomal, CT, DT, TT, BT
 Endotoxin : LPS, less specific, less potent, heat
stable, nontoxoid, chromosomal, cause fever
 Extracellular enzyme(s) : hyaluronidase, catalase,
coagulase, hemolysin, lipase
 Invasiveness : penetration

Eddy Bagus Wasito, 2013

 Factor(s) influence the relationship
 Parasite : infective dose, viability, port of entry,
tissue affinity, parasitism property (intra/extra
cellular)
 Host : age, hormonal, genetic, gizi, occupation
 Environment : smoke, broad spectrum
antibiotic, immunosupressive drug, sanitation,
transportation

Eddy Bagus Wasito, 2013

 End results
 Healthy
 Carrier : who is colonized with an infectious
agent, is not clinically ill, but can transmit the
agent to others
 Sick

Eddy Bagus Wasito, 2013