Solusi UTS PP

Problem 1: What is (20%)

I. Imagine that peoples are measuring the speed of a boat on the river. One
person stands on ther riverbank and records speeds as a boat move past her
field of view. A second person is in the boat that moves at the speed of the
river and record of the first boat at the same time as the observer on the
riverbank. Describe condition under which the observer in the boat will
measure speeds that are faster and slower than the speeds measured by
observer on the riverbank.
II. Distinguish between “diffusive” and “convective” modes of transport.
III. What is the physical significance of the Reynolds number, Peclet number,
Prandtl number, and Schmidt number, and tell why it is important to transfer
phenomena.
IV. Define the bulk or mean fluid concentration and interface concentration in
the double film theory.
 Problem 1: What is (20%)
(I) Imagine that peoples are measuring the Teori Relative Viscocity
speed of a boat on the river. One person VR=VB+VO
stands on ther riverbank and records
speeds as a boat move past her field of Kasus 1 (Observer 1 searah dengan
view. A second person is in the boat that perahu)
moves at the speed of the river and VB>VO1
record of the first boat at the same time VB=VO2
as the observer on the riverbank.
Describe condition under which the Kasus 2 (Observer 2 arah berlawanan
observer in the boat will measure speeds arah dengan perahu)
that are faster and slower than the VB>VO1
speeds measured by observer on the VB<VO2
riverbank.
 Problem 1: What is (20%)
(II) Distinguish between “diffusive” and “convective” modes of transport.

Transfer akibat pergerakan molekul pada aliran

“diffusive” modes
yang didrong oleh gradien konsentrasi
of transport
(perpindahan dari konsentrasi tinggi ke rendah)

“convective” modes
Transfer akibat aliran bulk fluida
of transport
Problem 1: What is (20%)
Diffusive Momentum
transport

Diffusive Mass
transport

Diffusive Heat
transport
 Problem 1: What is (20%)
Convective proses transportasi vertikal
momentum horizontal oleh
Momentum transport
konveksi ke aliran lingkungan.

The transport of material between a

boundary surface and a moving fluid or Convective Mass
between two immiscible moving fluids transport
separated by a mobile interface

transfer by mass motion of a fluid

Convective Heat such as air or water when the
heated fluid is caused to move
transport
away from the source of heat,
carrying energy with it
 Problem 1: What is (20%)
(III) What is the physical significance of the Reynolds number, Peclet number,
Prandtl number, and Schmidt number, and tell why it is important to
transfer phenomena.
Rasio antara gaya inersia (vsρ) terhadap gaya viskos (μ/L) yang
Bilangan mengkuantifikasikan hubungan kedua gaya tersebut dengan suatu
Reynolds kondisi aliran tertentu. Bilangan ini digunakan untuk mengidentikasikan
jenis aliran yang berbeda, misalnya laminar dan turbulen

Hubungan antara jumlah perpindahan panas yang disebabkan oleh

Bilangan konveksi dan jumlah perpindahan panas yang disebabkan oleh
Peclet konduksi.
 Problem 1: What is (20%)
(III) What is the physical significance of the Reynolds number, Peclet number,
Prandtl number, and Schmidt number, and tell why it is important to
transfer phenomena.
Rasio antara divusitas molekuler momentum dan divusitas molekuler
Bilangan panas. Dipakai untuk menentukan distribusi temperatur pada suatu
Prandtl aliran.

Rasio difusifitas momentum (viskositas) terhadap difusifitas massa (diffusivity).

Bilangan Bilangan ini digunakan untuk menentukan sifat aliran-aliran fluida yang mana
Schmidt pada aliran tersebut proses koveksi-difusi momentum dan massa berlangsung
simultan. Bilangan Schmidt juga dapat digunakan pada aliran turbulen tertentu
untuk menentukan seberapa besar pengaruh viskositas olakan (eddy)
turbulensi dibandingkan dengan efek difusi massa pada aliran tersebut.
 Problem 1: What is (20%)
(IV) Define the bulk or mean fluid concentration and interface
concentration in the double film theory.

Bulk concentration is usually considered either as the value

in the bulk (i.e. sufficiently far from surfaces) of the solution
or as an initial value if mass transport is emptying the
volume.

Concentration of interface is the equilibrium concentration

between two phase.
 Problem 2: Velocity profile (20%)
Consider the steady laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid in the thin channel
formed between two large parallel and horizontal plates of length L and width
W. The plates are separated by distance of 2H and H << L and W. Show that the
velocity profile of Vz (y) and the volumetric rate are given by the following
expessions:
𝑃𝑜 −𝑃𝐿 𝐻 2 𝑦 2
𝑉𝑧 𝑦 = 1−
2𝜇 𝐿 𝐻

2 3
𝑃𝑜 − 𝑃𝐿
𝑄 = 𝑊𝐻
3 𝜇𝐿

with Po and PL being the inlet and exit pressures.

Problem 2: Velocity profile (20%)

y
x
H
2H z

L
 Problem 2: Velocity profile (20%)
• Shell of thickness ∆x over which a z-momentum balance is made
• Rate of z-momentum in across surface at z=0
P0 + (W∆y) (Φzz)|z=0
Φyz|y=ρvyvz + τyz
• Rate of z-momentum in across surface at z=L
PL + (W∆y) (Φzz)|z=L Φxz|x=W=ρvxvz + τxz
Φzz|z=0=ρvzvz + τzz
• Rate of z-momentum in across surface at y
(LW) (Φyz)|y

• Rate of z-momentum in across surface at y+∆y Φzz|z=L=ρvzvz + τzz

Φxz|x=0=ρvxvz + τxz
(LW) (Φyz)|y+∆y

• Gravity force acting on fluid in the z direction Φyz|y=y+∆y=ρvyvz + τyz

(LW∆y) (ρ g cosβ)
 Problem 2: Velocity profile (20%)
Steady-state → Akumulasi=0
(W∆x) (Φzz)|z=0 – (W∆y) (Φzz)|z=L + (LW) (Φyz)|y - (LW) (Φyz)|y+∆y + (LW∆y) (ρ g cosβ) + (WL∆y)∆P =
0

Substitusi Φ
(W∆y)(ρvzvz + τzz|z=0) – (W∆y) (ρvzvz + τzz|z=L) + (LW) (ρvyvz + τyz|y)- (LW) (ρvyvz + τyz|y=y+∆y) +
(LW∆y) (ρ g cosβ) + (WL∆y)∆P = 0

1
(LW) (τyz|y)- (LW) (τyz|y=y+∆y) + (LW∆y) (ρ g cosβ) + (W∆y)∆P = 0 X
𝑊𝐿∆𝑦

(τyz)|y − (τxz)|y+∆y ∆P (ρ g cosβ)=(ρ g cos90O)=0

+ (ρ g cosβ)+ =0
∆𝑦 𝐿

(τyz)|y − (τyz)|y+∆y ∆P
lim =−
∆𝑦→0 ∆𝑦 𝐿
 Problem 2: Velocity profile (20%)
(τyz)|y − (τyz)|y+∆y ∆P
• lim =−
∆𝑦→0 ∆𝑦 𝐿
𝜕(τyz) ∆P
• − =−
𝜕𝑦 𝐿
𝜕(τyz) ∆P
• =
𝜕𝑦 𝐿
Integrasi persamaan di atas
∆P
න 𝜕(τyz) = න 𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑣𝑧 y∆P
𝐿 −μ = + C1
𝑑𝑦 𝐿
y∆P
τyz= + C1
𝐿

𝑑𝑣𝑧
Dimana τyz = −μ
𝑑𝑥
 Problem 2: Velocity profile (20%)
𝑑𝑣𝑧 y∆P
• −μ = + C1 Kondisi batas 1
𝑑𝑦 𝐿
𝑑𝑣𝑧
• y=0 ; =0
𝑑𝑦
Integrasi persamaan di atas, menjadi:

y∆P 𝐶1 Kondisi batas 2

න 𝑑𝑣 = න − −
𝑧 𝜇𝐿 𝜇 • y=H ; 𝑣𝑧 = 0
𝑦 2 ∆P 𝑦𝐶1
𝑣𝑧 = − − + 𝐶2
2𝜇𝐿 𝜇

Untuk menentukan C1 dan C2, substitusi

kondisi batas
Problem 2: Velocity profile (20%)

𝑑𝑣𝑧 y∆P C1 𝑦 2 ∆P 𝑦𝐶1

• = − − • 𝑣𝑧 = − − + 𝐶2
𝑑𝑦 𝜇𝐿 𝜇 2𝜇𝐿 𝜇

Mensubstitusi kondisi batas 1 Mensubstitusi kondisi batas 2

(0)∆P C1 𝐻 2 ∆P 𝐻(0)
• 0= − − • 0=− − + 𝐶2
𝜇𝐿 𝜇 2𝜇𝐿 𝜇

C1 = 0 𝐻 2 ∆P
C2 =
2𝜇𝐿
Problem 2: Velocity profile (20%)

• Mensubstitusi C1 dan C2

𝑦 2 ∆P 𝐻 2 ∆P
• 𝑣𝑧 = − +
2𝜇𝐿 2𝜇𝐿

𝐻 2 ∆P 𝑦 2 ∆P
• 𝑣𝑧 = −
2𝜇𝐿 2𝜇𝐿

𝐻 2 ∆P 𝑦2
• 𝑣𝑧 = 1+
2𝜇𝐿 𝐻2
 Problem 4: Drug delivery (20%)
Consider a spherical gel capsule use for drug delivery. The outer diameter of the
capsule is 4 mm and its spherical core, containing the medicine (component A), is
1.2 mm diameter. The medicine dissolves in the gel, and at the inner surface has a
concentration of 3 x 10-6 mole/cm3. At the outer surface, the concentration may be
taken as zero. The diffusivity of the medicine (A) in the gel is DAG = 2.5 x 10-6
cm2/s. Derive the radial concentration profile of the medicine in the gel layer, CA(r)
and evaluate the steady-state rate of the drug delivery, in mg/h. The moelcular
weight of medicine is 245.
Problem 4: Drug delivery (20%)
Problem 4: Drug delivery (20%)
Problem 4: Drug delivery (20%)
Problem 5: Heat insulation of furnace (20%)

The furnace wall consist of a 4 cm thick layer of firebrick (k=0.0015

cal/cm s oK). Inside surface temperature is 1000oC and the outside
surface temperature is 250oC. i) Calculate the heat flux through the
furnace wall. If a 3 cm thick layer of insulation (k=0.0008 cal/cm s oK) is
put on the outside of the furnace wall, is found that the outside surface
temperature is 100oC. ii) Calculate the fractional reduction in the heat
loss from the furnace wall caused by adding the insulation and the
temperature at outer surface of the firebrick.
Problem 5: Heat insulation of furnace (20%)
Problem 5: Heat insulation of furnace (20%)
Problem 5: Heat insulation of furnace (20%)
Thank you