Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
NUDC Kopertis IV, Bandung
CA: Ariefinara Hernawan
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Contact:
FB: Ariefinara Hernawan
Youtube: DebateVlog
GOVERNMENT OPPOSITION
Prime Minister Leader of Opposition
Deputy Prime Deputy Leader of
Minister Opposition
Member of
Member of Opposition
Government
Government Whip Opposition Whip
THE BRITISH PARLIAMENTARY
SYSTEM
4 teams, 2 sides: Government & Opposition
There are two teams (consisting two speakers
each) in each side: Opening and Closing.
Casebuilding/preparation time is fifteen
minutes.
Seven minutes substantive speeches (POIs
between the first and sixth minute).
TYPE OF MOTIONS
PROPOSAL
There is a problem that requires a solution.
Example :
○ THW Intervene North Korea
VALUE JUDGEMENT
Debating whether a phenomenon brings
benefit or harm
Example :
TH Regrets the rise of consumerism
ROLE FULFILLMENT: PRIME
MINISTER
The Prime Minister is the first speaker
in the debate
Setting up the debate
A setup contains context, definitions,
parameter/framework, stance, and model (if
needed)
A setup must be:
Clearly linked to the motion as a whole
Reasonable and debatable
Arguments to support the setup
ROLE FULFILLMENT: LEADER OF
OPPOSITION
If the setup brought by the Prime Minister is
unclear, or the Prime Minister does not bring any
setup, the Leader of Opposition has the right
(and responsibility) to set up the debate.
Declare the stance of the Opposition:
Stick with the status quo (it is necessary to explain
what status quo entails), or
Bring a counterproposal/countermodel
Rebuttals for the arguments brought by Prime
Minister
Questioning your opponent is not considered as a
rebuttal.
Arguments
DEFINITIONAL CHALLENGE
The Prime Minister might offer a definition in
which it is hard to debate. When this happens,
here is what the opening opposition can do:
Think and check back :
Hard to debate > point out the unfairness of the
definition, yet carry out as it is. E.g. THW Legalize
SameSex Marriage> Setting is only in Guatemala
(Uncommon)
Impossible to debate > Leader of Opposition (and
only the Leader of Opposition) may challenge the
definition.
THBT USA Should Implement Austerity Measures>
Setting is in the past > Undebatable
DEFINITIONAL CHALLENGE:
CONT’D
The Leader of Opposition may challenge the
definition by:
Explaining why PM’s definition is impossible
to debate in
Stating explicitly that the LO would
challenge the definition
Explaining the new definition and why
this is a much more reasonable definition
Bring arguments within the new
definition
DEFINITIONAL CHALLENGE:
CONT’D
ONLY CHALLENGE THE DEFINITION
WHEN THERE IS NO OTHER WAY. CHECK
FIRST.
If the definition brought by the PM is unfair,
but still debatable, point out the unfairness
in it but proceed without changing the
definition.
Remember that a definitional challenge will
change the debate drastically (and often times
not for the better).
ROLE FULFILLMENT: DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER
AND DEPUTY LEADER OF OPPOSITION
Rebuttals against the previous speaker(s)
Arguments to further support the team’s case,
deepening the level of analysis brought by the
team.
CLOSING HALF
ROLE FULFILLMENT: MEMBER OF
GOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION
Rebuttals
Bringing an extension to the debate
An extension is defined as anything that hasn't yet
been said by that side of the debate
An extension may consist of:
New arguments which have not yet been made in
the debate.
New rebuttals.
New examples.
New analysis or explanations of existing
arguments.
ROLE FULFILLMENT:
GOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION
WHIP
Rebuttals
Reduce the persuasiveness!
Amplify extension material(s) brought by the
member speaker
Must not bring new matter
New matter means completely new line of
argumentation that has not been touched before.
New analysis, precedence, and examples extending
an established idea are allowed.
Strengthening/deepening your member’s
substantive is okay, provided that the substantive has
already been analzed sufficiently in the member’s speech
IMPORTANT NOTE
NO AUTOMATIC WIN OR LOSS IN THE
DEBATE
There is no such thing as automatic loss due
to unfulfilled roles. Rather, you would most
likely lose because when you don’t (a) bring any
extensions as MG or (b) rebutting as OO, you’re
missing out opportunities.
Do not worry about labelling your substantive
as rebuttals or argument, we value your
analysis
PROPOSITION FIAT
The government teams are allowed to assume that the policy
will pass. It is NOT a valid opposition line to argue that a
parliament will not pass the policy.
A government team however CANNOT assume the way that
other actors will react.
Ex: THBT Russia should make a credible public offer to the
United States for joint decommissioning of their entire
nuclear arsenal
the government can assume that Russia will
make the offer.
the government team cannot assume that the
United States will accept the offer.
POINTS OF INFORMATION
Maximum length of a POI: 15 seconds.
Don’t badger the speaker into accepting your
POI.
Do not cut someone in the middle of his/her
POI.
A POI may be repeated if the speaker in front
asks for it
STANCE AND MECHANISM
Stance is about what you’re proposing or what
you’re trying to prove
THW Set Truth and Reconciliation
Commission to the victim of 1998
Stance : Setting up TRC and prohibits people
from going to trial
TH Regrets the rise of Choice Feminism
Stance : To prove that the concept of choice is
bad in achieving the goal of feminism
ARGUMENT
An argument can be philosophical or
practical.
Both arguments should be equally valued by
the adjudicator. An argument should answer :
1. How is the argument true ?
In Practical Argument : explaining how the
argument can work to achieve a goal
In Philosophical Argument : explaining how
there is a right or responsibility to fulfill
2. Why is the argument important ?
Comparing why your argument is more
important than opponent’s argument
TYPES OF ARGUMENT
Urgency
WHAT problems in status quo that need a
quick response from goverment ?
Show WHY status quo is not enough to solve
the problem
WHAT harms could occur toward the actor
involves in the debate if government didn’t
use aff’s proposal NOW,
Conclusion: Gov failed that’s why should use
this mechanism
TYPE
Justification (philosophical ground)
Why the rights that you want to defend is
important?
WHY your proposal will not harm other actors ?
Even if it is harmful to other actor, WHY is it still
justifiable to do ur proposal ? Comparison of
rights,
TYPE
Effectiveness
What is you objectives? State it clearly
How each of your mechanism can achieve each objectives?
Compare your effectiveness with status quo mechanism
Benefit or Harm
Explain problem in status quo in detail to related actor
(main or secondary actor that you want to protect) or certain
concept
How is your proposal will bring betterment / harm in
status quo
BUILDING REBUTTAL
Argument attacking opposing team’s argument, by showing
that it:
is based on a flaw evidence (error of fact, invalid analogy,
logically unrealistic, unreliable data)
is irrelevant to the proof of the topic
stand on the wrong ground or violate certain principal
involves unacceptable implications
should be accorded little weight
Some important elements of rebuttals :
Apply the principal of ARE + Link Back
Cluster your rebuttals appropriately; provide sign posting!
Prioritize to attack the main argument
Do not merely question; prove other wise!
SOME NOTES
Team Rank:
1st ranking got 3 points
2nd ranking got 2 points
3rd ranking got 1 point; and
4th ranking got NO point
Total points from 7 preliminary rounds will determine
whether your team will break in the Elimination
Round
Main break: Octofinals
Novice Break: Quarterfinals
FINAL WORDS:
Debate is not about technicality, it is a
package of diverse ability to creating,
analyzing, structuring, and narrating an
argument supported with strong
knowledge of issue(s) that is assessed
holistically. This is why score in BP is not
broken down into the infamous Manner
MatterMethod.
Note on equity, be considerate with
using certain terms/words and
referring to certain groups of people