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f1 = 50 Hz (3000 RPM)
• Kinetic energy in the rotating parts of the generator and turbine are 200 MJ
10 kV system:
P = 2 MW; cos φ = 0.9
Xgen = 3 Ω
This results in:
I = 128 A ∠-26°
Q = 969 kvar
• Suddenly the load consumes Q = 1.5 Mvar and P remains at 2 MW. What
happens?
• The power factor drops to 0.8
• The current becomes I = 146 ∠-37°
• The terminal voltage drops with 100 V
• P remains 2 MW
• Q increases from 969 kvar 1.5 Mvar
• I increases from 128 A ∠-26° 147 A ∠-37°
• V drops with 100 V
S = P + jQ = VI *
V1 �d1 - V2 �d 2
I=
Z �r
V1 �( -d1 ) - V2 �( -d 2 )
I* =
Z �- r
S = P + jQ = V2I *
V1 V2 V1 V2
P = Re ( S ) = sin(d1 - d 2 ) = (d1 - d 2 )
X X
2
V1 V2 V2 V2
Q = Im ( S ) = cos(d1 - d 2 ) - = ( V1 - V2 )
X X X
• Conclusion:
• The voltage depends on the reactive power
• The angle of transmission depends on the active power
• The control mechanism for P (rotor angle) and Q (voltage amplitude) operate
more or less separately