DNA EXTRACTION USING BROCCOLI

OBJECTIVES:
 To be able to extract DNA using broccoli
 To be able to observe the formation of
chromosome
 INTRODUCTION

 DNA is a blueprint for life, everything living

organisms contains DNA.
 DNA isolation is one of the most basic and
essential techniques in the study of DNA.
 The extraction of DNA from cells and its
purification are of primary importance to the field
of biotechnology and forensics.
 Extraction and purification of DNA are the first steps
in the analysis and manipulation of DNA that allows
scientist to detect genetic disorders, produce DNA
fingerprints of individuals and even create
genetically engineered organisms that can
produce beneficial products such as insulin,
antibiotics, and hormones.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
ACTIVITY: Blending of Broccoli

 Itis broken down by motion and physical force of

the blender.

 The blender separates the broccoli cells from

each other and therefore, through breaking
down into pieces, we would probably see
chromosomes.
 ACTIVITY: Soapy Broccoli
 Soap molecules and grease molecules are made
of two parts: Heads, which like water and tails,
which hate water. Both soap and grease molecules
organize themselves in bubbles with their heads
outside to face the water and their tails inside to
hide from the water.

 These solutions break down and emulsify the fat

and protein that make up a cell membrane.
 ACTIVITY: Enzyme Powder
 Mostcommon enzymes used in tenderizing
enzymes are Bromelian and Papain. These two
enzymes are extracted from pineapple and
papaya respectively. They are both proteases,
meaning they break apart proteins.
 ACTIVITY: Alcohol Separation
 Ethanolis added because DNA is soluble in water.
The alcohol causes DNA to precipitate, or settle
out of the solution, leaving behind all the cellular
components that are not soluble in alcohol.

 Furthermore, DNA normally stays dissolved in

water, but when salty DNA comes in contact with
alcohol it becomes undissolved. This is called
precipitation. The physical force of DNA clumping
together as it precipitates pulls more strands with it
as it rises into the alcohol.
 DISCUSSION
 Each
broccoli cell is still surrounded by cell
membrane.

 The
DNA is stored within this membrane so we must
remove the membrane to access DNA.

 Justas soap is able to remove dirt from your hands,

the detergent molecules surround particles in the
cell membrane to remove them.
 Without
the cell membrane the DNA is able to
remove freely within the liquid mixtures.

 Although
the DNA is no longer protected by the
cell membrane, it is still protected by proteins.

 Thepineapple juice contains enzymes which are

able to cut away the proteins and further expose
the DNA.
 When the alcohol is added, the protein and other
parts of all cell remain in the water layer, but the
DNA rises into the alcohol layer.

 Whitestringy stuff collected on the wooden stick is

the DNA
 CONCLUSION
 The extraction of DNA from cell is often a first step
fro scientist who needed to obtain and study
gene.
 The application of the activity may lead for a
further studies such as;
 Gene Therapy
 Cloning
 Genetic Engineering
 DNA Recombinant