Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
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INTERNAL
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ZONES
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ORIGIN ZONES
EXTERNAL
ZONES
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OD Surveys
• Various surveys used
– Home interview survey
• Full interview technique
• Home-questionnaire technique
– Road-side interview survey
– Post-card questionnaire survey
– Registration number plate survey
– Tags on vehicle
The surveyors collect the data
• At home
• During the trip
• At the destination of the trip
Household information
Journey or Trip data
The Household information contains data
with regard to
• Address of household
• Size of household
• Age of all the members of the household
• Sex
• Structure of Household
• Earning members
• Occupation
• Place of work
• Number of motor vehicles owned
• Household income and so on
The journey data contains information on all journeys
made during the previous 24 hours period (or
previous day) with regard to
• Origin and destination of journeys
• Purpose of trip
• Mode(s) of travel
• Time at start of trip
• Time at finish of trip, etc
Applications of O-D Data
Travel demand on existing or future transportation
facilities
The adequacy of existing parking and other terminal
facilities
The adequacy of existing mass transportation facilities
The most desirable location of new bridges and terminal
facilities
The feasibility of bye-pass routes
Through-traffic and truck routes
Estimates of the probable use of proposed new or
improved routes, transit lines, and terminals
Applications of O-D Data
The information needed for planning, locating and
designing new or improved street systems, expressway
systems, and freeway systems.
The information needed for planning, locating, and
designing new or improved mass transportation
systems
Travel characteristics from various types of land use.
The means for estimating future travel patterns and
requirements for transportation facilities.
Construction priorities and economical solutions for
improvement programmes.
PARKING STUDIES
PARKING STUDIES
• A study of the parking characteristics and demand and
regulatory measures are necessary for controlling the
traffic in a city.
• Ill effects of improper parking
– Congestion
– Accidents
– Obstructions to fire-fighting operations
– Environment
• Prohibited parking
– Near intersections
– Narrow streets
– Pedestrian crossings
– Structures
– Entrance driveways
Types of Parking
• On street parking • Off street parking
– Parallel parking – Surface parking
– 30° angle parking – Multi-storey car
– 45° angle parking parking
– 60° angle parking – Roof parking
– Right angle parking – Mechanical parking
– Underground car
parking
Parking Studies
• The supply and type of parking facilities
• How and for what purpose parking facilities are used?
• The demand for parking space
• The characteristics of parking demand
• The location of parking generators
• The legal, financial, and administrative factors associated
with the parking situation
Terminologies in Parking Studies
• Parking Volume: The number of vehicles parking in a
particular area over a given period of time. It is usually
measured in vehicles per day.
• Parking load: The area under the parking accumulation
curve during a specified period. For example the hatched
area in Figure represents the parking load in vehicle-hour
for a period of 3 hours for 6 A.M to 9 A.M.
• Parking duration: The length of time spent by a vehicle in
a parking space
• Parking Accumulation: The total number of vehicles
parked in an area at a specified moment.
Terminologies in Parking Studies
• Parking Accumulation: The total number of vehicles parked
in an area at a specified moment.
Number of
Vehicles
Parked Average Accumulation
12 6 9 12 6
12
Time of Day
Terminologies in Parking Studies
• Parking Index: Percentage of parking bays actually
occupied by parked vehicles as compared to the
theoretical number available.
• Parking turn-over: Rate of the usage of the available
parking space. Thus if there were 100 parking spaces
used by 1000 vehicles in a period of say 12 hours, then
the parking turn-over would be:
• Parking turn-over = 1000/100 Vehicles per space in a
period of 12 hours = 10 Vehicles per space in a period of
12 hours
Types of Parking Surveys
• Parking space inventory
• Parking usage survey by patrol
• Questionnaire type parking usage survey
• Cordon count.
Parking Space Inventory Survey
• The purpose of parking usage survey is to obtain data
on the extent of usage of parking spaces.
• The survey will include counts of parked vehicles at
regular intervals through a period, covering both the
morning and evening peak period, and the parking
accumulation and turn over.
• The survey can be for on-street and off-street parking.
Parking Space Inventory
20 12
Pedestrian Crossing
12 Parking Capacity
Parking in Marked bays Parallel Parking