IP ADDRESS

Pertemuan ke-5

1
 Agenda

 OSI reference model

 TCP/IP principles

 Reference model
 IP addressing / IP networks
 IP subnetting

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OSI Layers with Functions

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 The TCP/IP Reference
Model

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 OSI Model and TCP/IP
Model

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 Binary and Decimal
Conversion

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 IPv4
 IP address terdiri dari 32 Bit yang dibagi dalam 4
Oktet, masing-masing oktet terdiri dari 8 bit biner,
dan tiap oktet dipisahkan oleh tanda titik (.) Untuk
memudahkan pembacaan digunakan angka Desimal.

 Misal IP address : 192.168.1.2 dalam bentuk 32 bit

biner :

11000000.10101000.00000001.00000010
192. 168 . 1 . 2

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 IP Address Classes

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 IP Address Classes

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 IP Addresses as Decimal
Numbers

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 Network IDs and
Broadcast Addresses
An IP address such as 176.10.0.0 that has all binary 0s in
the host bit positions is reserved for the network address.

An IP address such as 176.10.255.255 that has all binary 1s

in the host bit positions is reserved for the broadcast
address.

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 Private Addresses
RFC 1918

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 Subnet Mask

Subnet mask in decimal = 255.255.240.0

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Decimal Equivalents of 8-
Bit Patterns

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Determining Subnet Mask
Size

Class B address with 8 bits borrowed for the subnet

130.5.2.144 (8 bits borrowed for subnetting) routes to subnet
130.5.2.0 rather than just to network 130.5.0.0.

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 Subnetting Example
with AND Operation

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 Subneeting
Adalah mengorbankan bit Host_ID menjadi Net_ID
Misal IP Kelas B

129.3.0.2 maka perbatasan antara Net_ID dengan

Host_ ID adalah antara oktet ke-2 dan okter ke-3

129.3 . 0. 2
Net_ID Host_ID

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 Subneeting
10000001.00000011.00000000.00000010
Bit Net_ID Bit Host_ID
000
001 1
Bit Host_ID yg
010 2
dikorbankan
011 3
100 4
101 5
110 6
111

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 Subnetting
00000 (32)
129.3.32.0 – 129.3.63.0
001 11111 (63)
00000 (64)
010 129.3.64.0 – 129.3.95.0
11111 (95)
011 00000 (96)
129.3.96.0 – 129.3.127.0
11111 (127)
00000 (128)
129.3.128.0 – 129.3.159.0
100 11111 (159)
00000 (160)
101 11111 (191)
129.3.160.0 – 129.3.191.0

110 00000 (192)

129.3.192.0 – 129.3.223.0
11111 (223)
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 IP Configuration on a
Network Diagram

The router connects subnetworks and networks.

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 ARP

ARP enables a computer

to find the MAC address
of the computer that is
associated with an IP
address.

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 IPv4
 IP version 6 (IPv6) has been defined and developed.

 IPv6 uses 128 bits (3.4 * 1038 hosts) rather than the
32 bits currently used in IPv4 (4.3 * 109 hosts)

 IPv6 uses hexadecimal numbers to represent the 128

bits.

IPv4

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 ARP Operation Within a
Subnet

All devices on the network

receive the packet and pass
to network layer; only one
device responds with an ARP
reply.

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 ARP Process

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 Advanced ARP Concepts
 Default gateway
 Proxy ARP

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 Default Gateway

A default gateway is the IP

address of the interface on the
router that connects to the
network segment on which the
source host is located.
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 How ARP Sends Data to
Remote Networks

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