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Capacitors
– Charge and discharge at exponential rates
Curve is divided into five time constants
Each time constant is equal to 63.2% of the
remaining voltage
Capacitors charge at an exponential rate.
Capacitor discharge curve.
Applications for
Capacitors
Among the most used of electric
components
– Power factor correction in industrial
applications
– Start windings of single-phase AC motors
– Phase shifts for SCR and Triac circuits
– Filter pulsating DC
– RC timing circuits
Nonpolarized Capacitors
Referred to as AC capacitors
– Not sensitive to polarity connection
– Can be connected to AC and DC circuits
– Common type: paper capacitor or oil-
filled capacitor
Used in motor circuits for power factor
correction
Oil-filled paper capacitor.
Polarized Capacitors
A basic capacitor.
Water can flow continuously, but A capacitor connected to an AC
not between the two tanks. circuit.
Capacitive Reactance
As the capacitor is charged:
– Impressed voltage is developed across its
plates as an electrostatic charge is built up
f = frequency in hertz
C = capacitance in farads
Computing Capacitance
Value of capacitive reactance is known
– Capacitor capacitance can be found using:
C = 1 / 2fXC
Voltage and Current
Relationships in a Pure
Capacitive Circuit
Capacitive reactance
– Inversely proportional to frequency
As frequency increases, capacitive reactance
decreases
As frequency decreases, capacitive reactance
increases
Summary
Capacitors
– Oppose a change of voltage
– Factors that determine capacitance
Surface area of the plates
Distance between the plates