R.

A College Washim
Department Of Zoology
Name :- Ku. Deepali Govindrao Raut

Class :- B.Sc III Year (Microbiology)

Seminar Topic :- Types Of Muscles

Types Of Muscle
There are three types of muscles which differ from each
physiologically and functionally.
 Skeletal or striated muscles or voluntary muscles.
 Smooth or non striated muscles or non-voluntary muscles
and
 Cardiac or heart muscles
 Skeletal muscles or Striated muscles

Skeletal muscles are those muscles which are attached to the bones and are
mainly responsible for the movement of the skeleton and therefore of the body
as a whole.
Each muscle cell is a long, straight and unbranched cylindrical fiber, 10-40
p.m in thickness and up to 1-40 El in length. It consists of a thin
outgr_limiting membrane, the sarcolemma, which encloses a cytoplasm

known as sarcoplasm. It is multinucleate and has well developed cross

striations. Each muscle fiber— is composed of fibrils or myofibrils,. having
characteristically alternate light and darluegions. It is also called asoluntary
musclsjbecause its contractile activities are under the control of central
nervous system rather than autonomic nervous system. They comprise about
40 % of the total body weight.
Smooth Muscles or Unstriated Muscles:

 Smooth muscles are also called unstriated or involuntary muscles and

do not have s striations on their myofibrils .
 Each muscle cell of the muscle fiber are elongated and spindle shaped
and sionally branched at the ends. It is about 18-200 it long and 3-8 11
thick. Each le fiber consists of a long cigar-shaped nucleus situated in
the widest part of the cell . The cytoplasm's homogenous andiMillikdite.d
with little or-I1-0-gr known as plasm. In it are found numerous fine
contractile threads, the myofibrils, which lie
 lel to the long axis of the cell. The cytoplasm is bounded externally by a
thin cell brane. The sarcolemma 1_absent.
 They are generally found in the walls of the internal organs, such as
digestive tract, iratory passages, urinary bladder, arteries, veins, etc.
They are slow in contraction are not under voluntary control. The
contraction and relaxation of smooth mus,-les directly controlled partly
by nervous system and partly by them.
Cardiac Muscles:

 These muscles are found in the heart only. They are made up of
striated tinucleate fiber, thus resembling the skeletal muscles in
many respects. Functionally arc homologous to the unstriated
muscle. They contract rapidly rhythmically, lessly and endlessly.
 The cardiac muscles are branched and form a network in the wall
of the heart. fibres are short cylindrical, branching and
anastomosing separated by loose ective tissue and richly
supplied with blood capillaries. The fibres are joined end to and
are interconnected by oblique bridges. The end of these fibres
form Zig-zag ions called intercalated discs. The sarcolemma is
absent. The sarcoplasm is more myofibrils are less. They are
uninucleated and nucleus is centrally located.
 These muscles are specialized in the sense that stimulation of
cardiac muscle -es all the muscle fibers to respond initiating
rhythmic beats of the heart. They are 'ever, involuntary in
function and are innervated by autonomic nerves.