1.

A sample of calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, with a formula

weight of 164 g/mol, has 5.00 x 1025 atoms of oxygen.
How many kilograms of Ca(NO3)2 are present?
Answer :
2. Dilute sulfuric acid has to be added to dry charged
batteries at service stations to activate a battery. You
are asked to prepare a batch of new 18.63% acid as
follows. A tank of old weak battery acid (H2SO4)
solution contains 12.43% H2SO4 (the remainder is pure
water). If 200 kg of 77.7% H2SO4 is added to the
tank, and the final solution is to be 18.63% H2SO4.
How many kilograms of battery acid have been made?
 W : weak battery
Basis : 200 kg T N : new battery
T : addition
H : H2SO4
W = ... kg N = ... kg a : water
MIXING
WH,W = 0.1243 WH,N = 0.1863
Wa,W = 0.8757 Wa,N = 0.8137

T = 200 kg
WH,T = 0.777 Overall mass balance :
Wa,T = 0.223 W+T=N
H2SO4 mass balance :
W + 200 = N
WH,W . W + WH,T .T = WH,N .N
W = N - 200
0.1243 W + 0.777 (200) = 0.1863 N
0.1243 (N-200) + 155.4 = 0.1863 N
0.1243 N – 24.86 + 155.4 = 0.1863 N
130.54 = 0.062 N
N = 2105 kg

So, 2105 kilograms of battery acid have been made

3. Fish caught by human beings can be turned into fish meal,
and the fish meal can be used as feed to produce meat for
human beings or used directly as food. The direct use of fish
meal significantly increases the efficiency of the food chain.
However, fish-protein concentrate, primarily for aesthetic
reasons, is used mainly as a supplementary protein food. As
such, it competes with soy and other oilseed proteins.
In the processing of the fish, after the oil is extracted, the
fish cake is dried in rotary drum dryers, finely ground, and
packed. In a given batch of fish cake that contains 80%
water (the remainder is dry cake), 100 kg of water is
removed, and it is found that the fish cake is then 40%
water. The weight of the fish cake originally put into the
dryer is ...
 F : feed
Basis : 100 kg water removed R : result
W : water removed
a : water component
F = ... kg R= ... kg d : Dry cake component
DRYING
Wa,F = 0.80 Wa,F = 0.40
Wd,F = 0.20 Wd,F = 0.60

W = 100 kg
Wa,w = 1.00 Overall mass balance :
F=R+W
Water mass Balance :
F = R + 100
Wa,F . F = Wa,W .W + Wa,R .R
R = F - 100
0.80 F = 1.00 (100) + 0.40 R
0.80 F = 100 + 0.40 (F-100)
0.80 F = 100 + 0.40 F -40
0.40 F = 60
F = 150

So, the weight of the fish cake originally put into the dryer is 150 kg
• A Compound is 86% Carbon and 14%
Hydrogen by Mass. What is the empirical
formula for this compound ?

Basis : 100 gram compound

Carbon : 86 g / 12 g/mol = 7,17 mol
Hydrogen : 14 g / 1 g/mol = 14 mol
Carbon : Hydrogen = 7,17 : 14
Jadi Empirical Formula C : H = 1 : 2 = CH2
Chemical Engineers shall uphold and advance the integrity,
honor and dignity of the engineering profession by:
5. Being honest and impartial and serving with fidelity their
employers, their clients, and the public (…, …., ….)
Answer: d, f, j, k
Chemical Engineers shall uphold and advance the integrity,
honor and dignity of the engineering profession by:
6. Striving to increase the competence and prestige of the
engineering profession (…., …., ….)
Answer: c, e, i, h
Chemical Engineers shall uphold and advance the integrity,
honor and dignity of the engineering profession by:
7. Using their knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human
welfare (…., …., ….)
Answer: a, b, g
8. Mentions at least 7 greatest chemical engineering
achievements:
 Atom  Drugs
 Petrochemical  Liquefied air
 Catalytic converter  Synthetic fiber
 Synthetic rubber  Plastics
 Food processing
9. Catalytic reforming is a process to convert straight hydrocarbon to
cyclic form by producing hydrogen.
10. Alkylation unit produces high octane component for gasoline
blending.
11. Fluidized catalytic cracker unit upgrades heavier fraction into
shorter hydrocarbon that is a more valuable products.
12. Hydrocracker unit uses hydrogen to upgrade heavier fractions into
shorter hydrocarbon/gasoline chains.
13. Gas synthesis is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
14. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is a set of chemical reactions that convert
synthesis gas into gaseous and or liquid hydrocarbons.
15. Reynolds number or Re is a dimensionless number associated
with the smoothness of flow of a fluid that used in fluid
mechanics.
16. Re shows the ratio between velocity, fluid density, fluid
viscosity, and characteristic length/diameter.
17. So that the formulation of Re is vd
Re 

18. This flow scheme shows a turbulent flow with the Re more
than 4000.

This flow scheme shows a laminar flow with the Re less than
2100.
18. A feed is flowing to a separator in a rate of 100kg/hr. this
feed contains 40% benzene, 50% toluene, and the rest are
acetone. Separator separate this feed to the top column (flow
rate 40kg/hr) and bottom column (60kg/hr).
The top column contains 80% benzene while the bottom
column contains 80% toluene. Define the composition of
flowing through the top and bottom column!
Top (F2) = 40kg/hr
B = 0.8
S T = …?
e
Feed (F1) = 100kg/hr p A = …?
a
r
B = 0.4 a
t
T = 0.5 Bottom (F3) = 60kg/hr
o
A = 0.1 r B = …?
T = 0.8
A = …?
• Neraca Massa Total
Feed (F1)= Top (F2) + Bottom (F3)
• Neraca Massa Benzene
XB1 . F1 = XB2 . F2 + XB3 . F3
(0.4) (100)kg/hr = (0.8)(40)kg/hr + XB3(60)kg/hr
XB3 = 0.133kg/hr
• Neraca Massa Toluene
XT1 . F1 = XT2 . F2 + XT3 . F3
(0.5) (100)kg/hr = XT2 . (40)kg/hr + (0.8)(60)kg/hr
XT2 = 0.05kg/hr
• Top : XB2 + XT2 + XA2 = 1
XA2 = 1- (0.8 + 0.05) = 0.15
• Bottom : XB3 + XT3 + XA3 = 1
XA3 = 1- (0.8 + 0.133) = 0.067
2. A manufacturer of briquets has a contract to make
briquets for barbecuing that are guaranteed to not
contain over 10% moisture. The basic material they use
has the analysis : moisture 12.4%, volatile material
16.6%, carbon 57.5%, and ash 13.5%. To meet the
specifications they plan to mix with the base material a
certain amount of petroleum coke that has the analysis :
volatile material 8.2%, carbon 88.7%, and moisture
3.1%. How much petroleum coke must be added per
100 lb of the base material
 F : basic material
P : petroleum coke
Basis : 100 lb F B : briquet
v : volatile
F = 100 lb B = ... lb m : moisture
MIXER c : carbon
Wm,F = 0.124 Wm,B = 0.10 a : ash
Wv,F = 0.166 Wv,B =
Wc,F = 0.575 Wc,B =
Wa,F = 0.135 P = ... lb Wa,B =
Wm,P = 0.031 Overall mass balance :
Wv,P = 0.082 F +P = B
Wc,P = 0.887
100 + P = B
Moistrue mass balance : B = 100 + P
Wm,F . F + Wm,P .P = Wm,B .B
0.124 (100) + 0.031 (P) = 0.10 (B)
12.4 + 0.031 (P) = 0.10(100+P)
12.4 + 0.031 (P) = 10 + 0.10 P
0.069 (P) = 2.4
P = 34.78
So, the petorleum coke that is needed per 100 lb basic material is : 34.78 lb
3. This is a definition of Sustainable Development
(SD)
SD is a development that meets the needs of
the present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.
Write down three components of SD !
Sustainable development
aims to balance three elements

Economic: what things cost - and how to

make a business out of providing
infrastructure, goods or services

Environmental: what impact those things

have on nature and the earth’s support
systems - which are finite

Social: how those things serve the needs

and quality of life of people and their
communities

© PEUI -2008