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Defense Mechanism

Prepared By:
Aqsa Gulzar (SP18 –BPY-034)
Noor Fatima (SP18-BPY-037)
Nimra Arif (SP18-BPY-024)
Plan of Presentation

 Introduction
 Role of Sigmund Freud
 Types of defense mechanism
 Positive
 Negative
 Examples
Introduction:
Sigmund Freud (1894, 1896) noted a number of ego defenses which he refers to throughout his
written works. His daughter Anna (1936) developed these ideas and elaborated on them,
adding ten of her own. Many psychoanalysts have also added further types of ego defenses.

 Define:
Defense mechanisms are psychological strategies that are unconsciously used to protect a
person from anxiety arising from unacceptable thoughts or feelings.
Classification of Defense Mechanism:
 Positive Defense Mechanism
 Negative Defense Mechanism

Positive Defense Mechanism Negative Defense Mechanism

Rationalization Reaction Formation

Substitution Suppression

Compensation Displacement

Denial Withdrawal

Undoing Conversion

Identification Projection
Positive Defense Mechanism
Rationalization
It is defense mechanism in which an individual justifies his failures and socially
unacceptable feelings and behaviors by making excuses or socially approved reasons.
Substitution
It is a mechanism by which tension or anxiety reduce or replacing the unachievable goal
with achievable goal.
Example
A person aspire to become a national level cricket player and not selected. He may
substitute this his goal by being coach at college level.
A student who has not been able to get admission to the MBBS course may try to substitute it
with a course of physiotherapy or nursing.
Negative Defense Mechanism
 Some defense mechanism have negative impact over relation or development of person.

Projection
 Placing blame for own difficulties upon others. Here, other are seen as responsible for
own mistakes.
 Example

1. A surgeon who did mistake in operation may assist that it happened because theatre nurse
and ward boy did their task badly.

2. A businessperson who values punctuality is late for a meeting and states, “sorry I'm late.
My assistant forgot to remind me of the time.
Displacement
In this defense mechanism an unconsciously emotional feeling is transferred to person or
object who are less dangerous than those who initially aroused the emotion.

 Example

1. A person who is angry with his boss but cannot show it for fear of losing the job may fight
with his wife on return from the office.

2. Similarly if a teacher shout on student than the student shout on a boy.


Regression
Regression means an immature way of responding to a stress or go backward.

 Example

Due to the pressure of college, Tom starts sucking his thumb.


Suppression
Suppression is the voluntary blocking of unpleasant feeling and experiences from ones
awareness to avoid discomfort and anxiety.

 Example
1. Student consciously decides not to think about her insult in examination hall so that he can
study effectively.
 A patient may refuse to consider his difficulties by saying that he does not want to talk
about it.

 Thinking about all those sweets in the staff lounge and wanting to eat them while on a diet.
Thank You

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